Cliffords

10. GEORGE³ CLIFFORD (James², unknown Clifford¹); married and known to have had both daughters and sons, but names not known. A George Clifford was on the Bethlehem Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, tax list in 1778,¹⁷⁸ but apparently did not have land at this time.¹⁷⁹ A George Clifford was mentioned in the account and order book of the Grandin Fulling Mill (Clinton Township, Hunterdon County), 16 November 1781 (see under James Clifford, #3, for more information on this fulling mill). George was still alive in 1810, when he and his children (but not their names) were mentioned in the will of his sister Ann (Clifford) Martin. Indeed, apparently George and his children "both male and female" received the bulk of Ann's estate, see Ann Clifford (#14).¹⁸⁰

A George Clifford was taxed in Tyrone Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in 1786-1789, 1793, 1795-1799 (the last year of the tax list).¹⁸¹ In 1800 and 1810, this George Clifford was still in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.¹⁸² In 1800 there was one male over age 45, one female between age 26 and 45, one female age between 10 and 15 and one female under 10. To this household in 1810, a male under 10 was added. Since the last record (that I have) of George in New Jersey is 1781, possibly the George Clifford of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, was George Clifford (#10), son of James Clifford (#3).

A Martin Clifford was also enumerated in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in 1790. But I could find no record of Martin Clifford being taxed in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Martin Clifford (as Martin Cliphert) was still in Fayette County in 1800,¹⁸³ but not in 1810. However, there was a Martin Clifford on the Venango County, Pennsylvania, tax list of 1808¹⁸⁴ for old Sugarcreek Township-at that time Sugarcreek Township encompassed much of Cherrytree, Plum, Cornplanter, Canal, Oakland and Jackson Townships of Venango County, Pennsylvania.

A Hugh Clifford was also on the 1808 Sugarcreek Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania, tax list. This Hugh Clifford was not of our line. The first settler in the Reno (Sugarcreek Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania) area was supposed to have been this Hugh Clifford, "an Irish Catholic and soldier in the War of 1812."¹⁸⁵ This Hugh Clifford first appeared in Pennsylvania in the 1800 federal census for Butler County. Perhaps he was the Hugh Clifford who was in the 1790 federal census for Montgomery County, Maryland. He was on the Venango County 1808 tax list for Sugarcreek Township and the 1810 federal census for Sugarcreek Township. On 5 August 1811, Hugh Clifford filed a Declaration of Intention in Venango County.¹⁸⁶

11. CHARLES³ CLIFFORD (James², unknown Clifford¹); born 10 November 1730, possibly in New Jersey or in England, possibly in Yorkshire County—see Yorkshire Update at beginning of Generation One; died 1 January 1816,¹⁸⁷ undoubtedly in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. On 4 March 1757,¹⁸⁸ Charles married, probably in New Jersey, JANE GORDON; she was born in 1738; died in 1802.

Timeline perspective for the year 1730, the year Charles Clifford was born:
In January 1730, Peter the Great II died; daughter Anna Ivanovna became Empress of all Russia. In September, Benjamin Franklin established a common law marriage with Deborah Read. Two years later (1732), Franklin started publishing Poor Richard's Almanac. On 22 February 1732, George Washington was born. Little known fact about 1730: In Germany, Franz Anton Ketterer invented the cuckoo clock.
Timeline perspective for the year 1738, the year Jane Gordon was born:
Ethan Allen was born in January. George III was born in June—he was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760-1820. The following year, 1739, England declared war on Spain. In January 1741, Benedict Arnold, American General turned traitor, was born. Little known fact about 1738: The bottle opener was invented.
Timeline perspective for the year 1757, the year Charles and Jane (Gordon) Clifford were married:
Alexander Hamilton, who would become the first United States Secretary of Treasury, was born in January. Also in January, Benjamin Franklin sailed for England, where he would spend many years in various capacities. The previous year, 1756, England declared war on France, as the French and Indian War continued. In June 1757, William Pitt became England's Secretary of State and the French and Indian War escalated. In November, the French abandoned Fort Duquesne (junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers at present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Two years later, in 1759, towards the end of the French and Indian War, on 13 September, British General James Wolfe’s army defeated Louis Joseph de Montcalm’s French forces on the Plains of Abraham overlooking Quebec City. Within a week both Montcalm and Wolfe had died of their wounds. In January 1759, George Washington married Martha (Dandridge) Custis.
Timeline perspective for the year 1802, the year Jane (Gordon) Clifford died:
The previous year, June 1801, General Benedict Arnold died in London. In March 1802, the Treaty of Amiens was signed. ending The French Revolutionary War. In May, Great Britain declared war on Napoleonic France. In June 1802, Victor Hugo was born in Besancon, France. In July, the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, welcomed its first class of cadets. In August, Meriwether Lewis departed Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to meet William Clark and start their trip to the Pacific Ocean.
Timeline perspective for the year 1816, the year Charles Clifford died:
1816 was the year after the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium, where British and Prussian troops under the Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon and his army on 18 June, 1815. On 4 December 1816, James Monroe of Virginia was elected the fifth president of the United States. Six days later Indiana became the 19th state. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was also incorporated in 1816. Little known fact about 1816: Henry Hall of Cape Cod found that sand spread over wild cranberry plants induced good growth.

I present "timelines," only for my direct ancestors. For sources, see the References section.

Possibly Charles had a first wife. If so, a candidate might be a Shields of New Jersey (see also under Robert Clifford, #49). But we have this statement from Hedley (1918a), page 15: "In Ligonier Valley, Charles married a woman named Gordon." Probably, however, Charles married Jane Gordon in New Jersey.

Charles Clifford's will was written 18 July 1815, recorded 2 February 1816.¹⁸⁹ Charles mentioned the following (in order of first mentioned):

Jane [as Jenny] Menoher (#54): bedding, kitchen furniture, and "the remainder of money arising from the sale as aforesaid." [That is, the money from the sale was to be equally divided amongst Jane, Sarah, Joseph and Thomas Clifford.]

Sarah Reed (#55): bedding, kitchen furniture, and "the remainder of money arising from sale as of aforesaid."

Mary Clifford, "daughter-in-law" [she was the wife of James, #48]: 1 dollar.

Edward Clifford (#47): 100 dollars.

Charles Clifford (#53): 50 dollars.

Charles Clifford, "grandson, son of Joseph" (#51): residue from personal estate.

Charles Menoher, "grandson" [he was a son of Jane Clifford Menoher, #54]: residue from personal estate.

Charles Reed, "grandson" [he was a son of Sarah Clifford Reed, #55]: residue from personal estate.

Charles Clifford, "grandson (son of Thomas)" (#52): residue from personal estate. [Note that Charles specifically mentioned the fathers of the two grandsons named Charles Clifford.] (Were these particular grandsons named because of their first names.)

"Children of my daughter Mary Whitesides, deceased" (#50): 400 dollars.

Sarah Clifford, "grand-daughter, daughter of my son James" (#48): 100 dollars.

Joseph Clifford (#51): "the remainder of money arising from the sale as aforesaid."

Thomas Clifford (#52): "the remainder of money arising from the sale as aforesaid."

Charles appointed his son Joseph as executor. Witnesses were Thomas Pollock and John Pollock.

Photo 3. Charles and Jane (Gordon) Clifford's (#11) stones in Fort Palmer Cemetery: The inscriptions on stones, from left: "Jane Gorden, wife of Charles Clifford, 1738-1802" and "C. Clifford, 1730-1816" (with flag). From the late W. Robert Brown (#2036), who lived in Belair, Maryland.

Photo 4. Fort Palmer Cemetery, Fairfield Township, Westmoreland County. Clifford stones, from left to right, are those of (1) Edward Clifford (#47) (1755 or 1760s-1833); (2) James Clifford (#48) (1758-1801) and Mary (Rogers) Clifford; (3) Jane (Gordon) Clifford (1738-1802); and (4) Charles Clifford (#11) (1730-1816) (with flag). I do not know when or what person or persons had the stones placed. Photograph taken circa 1982 by the late W. Robert Brown (#2036), Belair, Maryland.

Photo 5. View of Fort Palmer Presbyterian Church, taken near the site of the Clifford stones. Photograph taken March 2002 by Donna Mohney.

Both Charles and Jane died in Fairfield Township (present-day Ligonier Township),¹⁹⁵ Westmoreland County, and, along with some of their children and other descendants, are buried in old Fort Palmer Cemetery, Fairfield Township, Westmoreland County (see Map 7). Most of their stones as of early 2002 were still readable (see Photos 3, 4, and 5). I have photographs, inscriptions, shapes and relative locations of these stones made in the 1980s by the late W. Robert Brown (#2036), who lived in Belair, Maryland and also photos by Donna Mohney (see "Acknowledgments") made in 2002. The cemetery is located about 8 miles north of Ligonier Borough and is across the road from the present-day United Presbyterian Church.¹⁹⁶ The first church at this site, a log structure, was started in 1780. The church was on the site of Old Fort Palmer, which served as protection for settlers at the time of Indian raids in the 1700's. It serviced a Presbyterian congregation, undoubtedly including our ancestors. Originally the church was called the Fairfield or Old White Church. The old structure was replaced by a new building in 1892, but this burned to the ground, church records unfortunately included. The present church was built in 1953.

From Boucher (1918a), pages 501-502:

Fort Palmer was a very important Revolutionary fort, located in the central part of the township. The date of its construction can only be approximated. Robert Knox, on March 11, 1771, conveyed the land on which the fort was built to John Palmer. On January 24, 1776, Palmer conveyed the same land to Charles Griffin by deed acknowledged before Robert Hanna, Justice, etc. This tract was patented to Griffin on February 10, 1787, and in the patent it is called "Fort Palmer." The fort was therefore in all probability built while Palmer owned the land, that is, between 1771 and 1776, for otherwise it would not have taken his name.

It was a stockade fort and was used during the Revolution to protect the settlers from the Indians. When a second fort was being constructed at Fort Ligonier, a journal was kept which refers many times to Fort Palmer, and it is also frequently mentioned in old letters. In a letter from Colonel Archibald Lowry (see Pa. Arch., Vol. 5, p. 741), it is stated that the settlers are kept so closely in the fort (Palmer) that they can gain no subsistence from their farms. He also reports that eleven people were killed and scalped near the fort, one of whom was Ensign Woods. The journal mentioned above, notes that on October 22 two children were killed by the Indians within two hundred yards of the fort. It is situated on land owned by the late Culbertson Ramsey, about seven miles north of the town of Ligonier.

Across the road from the church is the old part of the Fort Palmer Cemetery, where our Cliffords are buried. The Clifford plot consists of 16 stones, all in one row and side by side, not one behind the other.¹⁹⁷ The stone at the far right (with the person facing the inscriptions) is that of Charles Clifford (Sr.) (#11). The second stone from the far right is that of his wife Jane (Gordon) Clifford; the third is for James Clifford (#48) (son of Charles, Sr.) and his wife, Mary Rogers; the fourth, is apparently a memory stone "E. Clifford," for Edward Clifford (#47) (son of Charles, Sr.); the fifth, a memory stone for Charles Clifford (Jr.) (#53); and the sixth stone is a memory stone for Jane (Lytle) Clifford (wife of Charles, Jr.). The shape, size, lettering, and texture of the stones suggest that the first four stones (Charles, Jane, James, and Edward) were set at the same time, and the next two stones (Charles, Jr., and Jane Lytle Clifford) were set at another time. Jane's maiden name on her stone is spelled "Gorden." The remaining 10 stones (see under names for their inscriptions) were placed in ascending order of burial. These stones, from right to left, are Charles Clifford (#239), Jane Clifford (#234), Joseph Clifford (#51), Isabel Clifford (see under #51), William Clifford (#233), Benjamin Franklin Clifford (#675), Edward Clifford (#236), Catherine Clifford (see under #236), and George E. Clifford (#677).

The Cliffords, Parks, Mehargs, and Pritchetts apparently came to the Ligonier Valley before the Revolutionary War.¹⁹⁸ But Charles was in the area probably even before the family came with the Parks, Mehargs and Pritchetts, although apparently not permanently. Charles Clifford must have led an exciting life. He participated in the Forbes campaign in the 1750's,¹⁹⁹ did a bit of soldiering during the Revolutionary War,²⁰⁰ was captured by Senecas in 1779 (see "The story of the capture of Charles Clifford by Senecas in 1779"), and between these events was trying to establish a homestead in the wilds of southwestern Pennsylvania.

Charles's name appears in the Pennsylvania Archives, Sixth Series, pages 653-654: "A muster roll for a party of men of the Third Battalion of the Westmoreland County Militia reconnoitering on the frontier." Also, The Historical Society of Pennsylvania has a Revolutionary War Military Abstract Card for Charles Clifford of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania:²⁰¹ Unit Militia; Certificate 10,699; Total [pay]: £22.20.0; Certificate issued 6 February 1786 (see Document 1).

Because the certificate was issued in 1786 does not mean that Charles's military tour was in 1786. According to the Archives Records Information System:²⁰² "Some cards show a certificate number that relates to the Militia Loan of 1784-1785. The loan was established to pay individuals for services and goods provided during the Revolutionary War that had not been reimbursed at that time." A copy of the certificate usually gives information on the time of the tour of duty. We see that Charles's tour was in 1777 at Fort Preservation (later called Fort Ligonier). Charles's son Robert also had a Revolutionary War Military Abstract Card for a tour of duty in the Westmoreland County Militia, see under (#49). And we known that Charles's son James was in the Revolutionary War, but I could not find a Military Abstract Card for James.

Document 1. Certificate of tour of duty in 1777 at Fort Preservation (later called Fort Ligonier), Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, for Charles Clifford (#11) (1730-1816). Courtesy of Charles Dick Clifford (Fort Mitchell, Kentucky).

My first record of Charles is 8 April 1755, when Charles's name and that of two James Cliffords (presumably his father, #3, and brother, #12), George Clifford (probably #10), and Edward Clifford (#13) appeared on a Hunterdon County, New Jersey, subscribers list petitioning John Maxwell (he was probably the father of the John Maxwell who married Mary Clifford, #6) and Henry Cotton to act on their behalf in settling Connecticut land claims in western New Jersey.²⁰⁴

Charles probably married Jane Gordon in 1757, probably in New Jersey. The following year, 1758, when his son James was born, Charles apparently was with Forbes in the Ligonier Valley. Charles's family could not have stayed permanently in the Ligonier Valley from 1759, since his son Joseph was born in New Jersey in 1764²⁰⁵ and his daughter Jane was born in New Jersey in 1772.²⁰⁶ Probably all children except Sarah were born in New Jersey. In 1765, an ear mark for Charles Clifford was recorded in Bethlehem Township (Town meeting Records), Hunterdon County, New Jersey; and in 1767-1768, Charles Clifford was appointed Overseer of Roads in Bethlehem Township (these two records were sent to me by Elaine Johnston, see #284, in a July 2004 email). I could find no other primary source documents for Charles Clifford in New Jersey.

Charles Clifford and his son Robert Clifford were taxed in 1785 in Tyrone Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Robert and Edward Clifford and a George Clifford, but no Charles, were also taxed in 1786.²⁰⁷

In 1772, the year Charles's daughter Jane was born in New Jersey, Reverend David McClure, a Congregationalist minister, was in southwestern Pennsylvania on his way to Ohio. Three groups of settlers, one being from Fairfield Township (including Ligonier Township at that time), called Reverend McClure to minister among them. According to Reverend Reid W. Stewart, "these calls are an early census, if you will, of Presbyterian heads of families" in that area at that time.²⁰⁸ Charles Clifford's name was not amongst them, perhaps more proof that he and family had not yet settled permanently in Westmoreland County. Some of the familiar names that were mentioned in the 1772 subscription were John McNogher (Menoher), John Sellers, James Pollock, Robert Reed, and John and George McDowl (McDowell).

Hedley (1918a), page 15, mentions that the Clifford family farm was in possession of the family since 27 April 1772. I do not know the source for this statement, the significant of the specific date, nor the document supporting it. One would expect the informant was from Abram Clifford (#676), who provided much of the Clifford information for Boucher and Hedley. As indicated, Charles was not on the 1772 Presbyterian list for that area, and we know that Charles and Jane's daughter Jane Clifford (#54) was born in New Jersey on 12 September 1772.

According to Sipe, C. H. (1932) "Fort Ligonier," 699 pages:

"Robert Read … settled several miles from Fort Ligonier in the spring of 1759 … Reed had persuaded a number of his fellow soldiers of the Forbes campaign to accompany him to the Ligonier Valley. Among these were Charles Clifford, James Clifford [tentatively placed as Charles's brother, #12], Isaac Stimble, and James F. Flack …"

Charles Clifford's land claim in the Ligonier Valley was surveyed in 1786. The granting of a warrant for this land, a little over 400 acres, to Charles Clifford was made in 1795.²⁰⁹ In 1790, Charles's household in Fairfield Township consisted of four males age 16 and over and three females.²¹⁰ Besides Charles, a guess would be that the three other males were probably sons Joseph, Thomas and Charles. None had yet married by 1790, and these sons were known to have stayed in Westmoreland County. Besides Jane (Gordon) Clifford, a guess would be that the two other females were daughters Jane and Sarah Clifford.

Map 7. The Ligonier - Fairfield area of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, showing some of the locations mentioned in the text.

In 1800, Charles and Jane and one female between the age of 10 and 16 years, probably a granddaughter, were living presumably on the homestead.²¹¹ Charles called his tract "Charleston."²¹² His home on the land eventually became known to his descendants as "the old place,"²¹³ located about 3 miles from the town of Ligonier. Map 7 indicates where I think the homestead was located. This was arrived at from directions given me by Charles D. Clifford (Fort Mitchell, Kentucky) as they relate to an 1876 landowner map for that part of Westmoreland County. Some of the early county history books place the homestead on Hanna's Run; others place it on Mill Creek.²¹⁴ The confusion arises from the homestead being closer to Hanna's Run than Mill Creek; but it was actually on a small tributary that empties into Mill Creek. I understand from Charles D. Clifford that nothing remains of "the old place."

This from Francis McConaughy in the Ligonier Echo, 15 November 1893:²¹⁵

[referring to Charles Clifford being captured by Senecas-see the section "The story of the capture of Charles Clifford by Senecas in 1779"] … It was many years before they were released and allowed to return home. It is also stated that son James of this old gentleman, Charles Clifford, shot and killed an Indian of a prowling squad near their farm. I never knew this son James, but remember the sons Charles, Joseph and Thomas, all occupying that grand tract of excellent land from the mouth, emptying into the Mill creek for a mile north. Would be glad if Esq. Hargnett or some one could say what became of son, James [see #48 to find out what happened to James].

The Clifford Farm property, presumably part of what was surveyed for Charles Clifford in 1786, and became part of Abram Clifford's farm, is a National Register-eligible historic resource, as indicated by the following notice, filed for public inspection 27 October 2000.²¹⁶

1730. Born, probably in England; perhaps Yorkshire County.

1755. Charles's name was on a Hunterdon County, New Jersey petition.

1755. By 1755, and possibly by a first wife, son Robert or Edward, or both, were born probably in New Jersey (but perhaps Edward was born in the mid-1760s).

1757. Married Jane Gordon, probably in New Jersey.

1758. With Forbes and James Clifford in Westmoreland County.

1758. Son James born.

1759. Possibly homesteading in the Ligonier area, Westmoreland County. According to Sipe (1932), Robert Reed settled in Ligonier area in spring of 1759, accompanied by Charles Clifford.

1762. Daughter Mary (Whitsett) born, location not known; one report (probably wrong) has daughter Mary born in Richmond, Virginia, in 1765.

1764. Son Joseph known to be born in New Jersey.

1766. Son Thomas born, probably in New Jersey.

1767. Charles appointed Overseer of Roads for 1767-1768 for ?Bethlehem Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey.

1770. Son Charles probably born in New Jersey.

1772. Daughter Jane (Menoher) known to be born in New Jersey.

17??. Cliffords, Parks, Mehargs, and Pritchetts apparently came to the Ligonier Valley before the Revolutionary War.

1774. Charles Clifford (and James Pollock) witnessed a deed in Fairfield Township, Westmoreland County, between Alexander McAdams and Robert Porter.²¹⁷

1776. Daughter Sarah born, probably in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.

1777. Charles's had a tour of duty with the Westmoreland County Militia at Fort Preservation (later called Fort Ligonier).

1778. Son James was in a skirmish with a Seneca in the Ligonier area.

1779. 22 April. Charles was captured by Senecas in Westmoreland County.

1782. After being released by the British in Canada, returned to Ligonier Valley in late 1781 or 1782, probably by way of New Jersey.

1785. Charles Clifford (our Charles?) taxed in Tyrone Township, Fayette County.

1786. Survey of land in Westmoreland County for Charles.

1790. In Westmoreland County, re 1790 federal census.

1795. Grant of land in Westmoreland County to Charles.

1802. Charles's wife Jane (Gordon) Clifford died, presumably in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.

1816. Charles died in Westmoreland County.

 

Children of Charles and Jane (Gordon) Clifford. Possibly son Robert or Edward or both were by a first wife of Charles. Order of birth of first three children tentative:²¹⁸

+	47	i.	Edward4 Clifford; born 1755 or the 1760s; died in summer 1833 in Kentucky; married Ruth [-?-]; probably had a first wife as well.
+	48	ii.	James Clifford; born 1758 possibly in New Jersey; died 1801; married Mary Rogers.
+	49	iii.	Robert Clifford; no information on birth; died 1791 in Kentucky; apparently did not marry.
+	50	iv.	Mary Clifford; born 1762; died by 1816; married Joseph Whitsett (also spelled Whiteside/Whitesides).
+	51	v.	Joseph Clifford; born 15 May 1764 in New Jersey; died 9 June 1841; married Isabel Pritchett.
+	52	vi.	Thomas Clifford; born 1766; died 25 November 1842; married Catherine Lawson.
+	53	vii.	Charles Clifford; born circa 1770; died 1837-1841; married Jane Lytle.
+	54	viii.	Jane Clifford; born 12 September 1772 in New Jersey; died 13 November 1852; married John Menoher.
+	55	ix.	Sarah Clifford; born 1776; died 7 November 1853, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania; married Robert Pomeroy Reed (Jr.).

Edward, Robert, and Mary eventually moved out of Westmoreland County, indeed out of Pennsylvania. All the other children lived and died in the Ligonier area of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.

Edward Clifford and family lived for a short time in Fayette County, Pennsylvania; then moved to Harrison County, Kentucky, where Edward died, and where scores of his descendants still live.

James Clifford had only one child, Sarah Ann (Shrum), whose descendants stayed mainly in the Ligonier Township and Fairfield Township area of Westmoreland County, at least through most of the nineteenth century.

Robert Clifford did not marry. He moved to Bourbon County, Kentucky, probably dying in what is present-day Harrison County, Kentucky.

Mary (Clifford) Whitsett and family lived for a time in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, before moving to the Bourbon County-Harrison County, area of Kentucky. But by 1825, most descendants had moved northwest into Ohio and Indiana, where there were many descendants, especially in Clinton County, Ohio, and Fayette County, Indiana, during the remainder of the nineteenth century.

Most of Joseph Clifford's descendants lived in the Ligonier area during the nineteenth century. Indeed, Joseph Clifford descendants are almost synonymous with the Cliffords of Ligonier, Pennsylvania.

Probably by the middle of the nineteenth century, certainly by the latter part, many of Thomas Clifford's descendants had widely dispersed to no one particular area. For example, son John and daughter Sarah (Noble) and some of their descendants moved to Venango County, Pennsylvania; and son William and his descendants lived in Kansas throughout most of the second half of the nineteenth century.

Charles Clifford had only two children with issue, and one child who had adopted children. Son Robert's adopted son Noah and his descendants stayed mainly in the Ligonier area throughout the nineteenth century, indeed are found there today. Son James (my direct ancestor) and his descendants moved north to the small hamlet of Lockport, Fairfield Township, Westmoreland County. Most of the family remained there into the latter part of the nineteenth century when several moved to the Altoona, Pennsylvania, area, where descendants can still be found today. Charles's son Joseph moved first to present-day West Virginia, the Wheeling area, and then on to Indiana, where many descendants still live, especially in the Fort Wayne area.

Many of Jane (Clifford) Menoher's descendants lived in the Ligonier and Fairfield area of Westmoreland County for much of the nineteenth century,

Sarah (Clifford) Reed had 12 children. A few stayed in the Ligonier area, some moved to Indiana County, Pennsylvania, and the others became widely scattered during the nineteenth century, especially moving to the midwest.