(after Henry Morris)
| Scientist | Contribution |
| Francis Bacon (1561-1626) | Scientific method |
| Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) | Physical astronomy, Laws of planetary motion |
| Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) | Hydrostatics, Hydrodynamics, Differential calculus, Probability |
| Robert Boyle (1627-1691) | Modern chemistry, Gas dynamics |
| John Ray (1627-1705) | Natural history (Biology) |
| Nicolas Steno (1631-1686) | Stratigraphy |
| Isaac Newton (1642-1727) | Dynamics, Calculus, Gravitation |
| Karl von Linné (Carolus Linnaeus) (1707-1778) | Taxonomy (Biological classification) |
| William Herschel (1738-1822) | Galactic astronomy |
| Michael Faraday (1791-1867) | Electromagnetics |
| Joseph Henry (1797-1878) | Electric motor |
| Matthew Maury (1806-1873) | Oceanography |
| James Joule (1818-1889) | Thermodynamics |
| Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) | Bacteriology |
| Jean Henri Fabre (1823-1915) | Entomology (Insect biology) |
| William Thompson (Lord Kelvin) (1824-1907) | Energetics, Absolute temperatures |
| Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866) | Non-Euclidean geometry |
| Joseph Lister (1827-1912) | Antiseptic surgery |
| Joseph Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) | Electrodynamics, Thermodynamics |
| John Ambrose Fleming (1849-1945) | Electronics |