| Karen's Linguistics Issues, September 2004 | This Month's Articles | Previous Months |
An
Exploration of the Role of Integrative Motivation in the Achievement of
English Language Learners in Hong Kong
by
References
Aboud,
F.E. and Meade, R.D. (1974), Cultural
Factors in Learning and Education, Washington: Fifth Western Washington
Symposium on Learning.
Altman,
H. and Vaughan James, C. (eds.) (1980), Foreign
Language Teaching: Meeting Individual Needs, Oxford: Pergamon.
Andersen,
R. (ed.) (1981), New Dimensions in
Second Language Acquisition Research, Rowley, Mass: Newbury House.
Au,
S.Y. (1988), A critical appraisal of Garnder's social-psychological theory of
second-language (L2) learning, Language
Learning, 38: 75-100.
Bachman,
J. (1964), Motivation in a task situation as a function of ability and control
over task, Journal of Abnormal and
Social Psychology, 69: 272-81.
Berwick,
R. and Ross, S. (1989), Motivation after matriculation: are Japanese learners
of English still alive after examination hell, JALT,
11, 193-120.
Brown,
H., Yorio, C. and Crymes, R. (eds.) (1977), On
TESOL '77, Washington D.C.: TESOL.
Burstall,
C. (1975), Factors affecting foreign-language learning: A consideration of
some relevant research findings, Language
Teaching and Linguistic Abstract, 8: 5-125.
Burt,
M., Dulay, H. and Finnocchario, M. (eds.) (1977) Viewpoints
on English as a Second Language, New York: Regents.
Chihara,
T. and Oller, J. (1978), Attitudes and attained proficiency in EFL: a
sociolinguistic study of study of adult Japanese speakers, Language
Learning, 28: 55-68.
Clément,
R. (1986), Second language proficiency and acculturation: an investigation of
the effects of language status and individual characteristics, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 5: 271-90.
Clément,
R., Gardner, R. and Smythe, P.C. (1980), Social and individual factors in
second language acquisition, Canadian
Journal of Behavioural Science, 12, 293-302.
Clément,
R., Gardner, R. and Smythe, P.C. (1977), Motivational variables in second
language acquisition: a study of francophones learning English, Canadian
Journal of Behavioural Science, 9, 123-33.
Clément,
R. and Kruidenier, B.G. (1985), Aptitude, attitude and motivation in second
language proficiency: a test of Clément's model, Journal
of Language and Social Psychology, 4: 21-38.
Clément,
R. and Kruidenier, B.G. (1983), Orientations in second language acquisition:
1. The effects of ethnicity, milieu, and target language on their emergence, Language Learning, 33, 273-291.
Clément,
R., Major, L.T., Gardner, R. and Smythe, P. C. (1977), Attitudes and
motivation in second language acquisition: an investigation of Ontario
francophones, Working Papers on
Bilingualism, 12, 1-20.
Clément,
R., Smythe, P.C., and Gardner, R.C. (1978), Persistence in second language
study: motivational considerations, Canadian
Modern Language Review, 34: 688-94.
Cook,
V. (1996), Second Language and Language
Teaching, London: Edward Arnold.
Cook,
V. (1993), Linguistics and Second
Language Teaching, London: MacMillan Press.
Crookes,
G. and Schmidt, R.W. (1991), Motivation: Reopening the research agenda, Language Learning, 41/4: 469-512.
Csikszentmihalyi,
M. (1990), Literacy and linguistic motivation, Daedalus,
119: 115-140.
Deci,
E.L. and Ryan, R.M. (1995), Instrinsic
Motivation and Self-motivation in Human Behaviour, New York: Plenum Press.
Dickinson,
L. (1987), Self-instruction in Language
Learning, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dornyei,
Z. (1990), Motivation in Second and Foreign Language Learning, Language Teaching: The International Abstracting Journal for Language
Teachers, 31/3: 117-35.
Ellis,
R. (1999), The Study of Second Language
Acquisition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ellis,
R. (1986), Understanding Second Language
Acquisition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ely,
C.M. (1986), Language Learning Motivation: A descriptive and causal analysis, Modern Language Journal, 70/1: 28-34.
Finnochiaro,
M. (1981), Motivation: its crucial role in language learning, In Hines and
Rutherford (eds.).
Fishman,
J. A. (ed.) (1968), Readings in the
Sociology of Language, The Hague: Mouton
Flowerdew,
J. and Miller, L. (1995), On the notion of culture in L2 lecturer, TESOL Quarterly, 29/2: 345-73.
Fu,
G.B.S. (1975), A Hong Kong Perspective:
English Language Learning and the Chinese Student, Michigan: University of
Michigan.
Gardner,
R.C. (1989), Attitudes and motivation, Annual
Review of Applied Linguistics, 9, 135-148.
Gardner,
R.C. (1996), Motivation and second language acquisition: perspectives, Journal of the CAAL, 18(2): 19-42.
Gardner,
R.C. (1985), Social Psychology and
Second Language Learning: The role of attitudes and motivation, London:
Edward Arnold.
Gardner,
R.C. (1980), On the validity of affective variables in second language
acquisition: conceptual, contextual and statistical considerations, Language
Learning, 30, 255-270.
Gardner,
R.C. (1979), Social psychological aspects of second language acquisition, In
Giles and St. Clair.
Gardner,
R.C., Ginsberg, R., and Smythe, P. (1976), Attitudes and motivation in second
language learning: course related changes, Canadian
Modern Language Review, 32: 243-66.
Gardner,
R.C., Lalonde, R.N. and Moorcroft, R. (1985), The role of attitudes and
motivation in Second Language Learning: Correlational and Experimental
Considerations, Language Learning: A
Journal of Applied Linguistics, 35/2: 207-227.
Gardner,
R.C. and Lambert, E. (1972), Attitudes
and Motivation in Second Language Learning, Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Gardner,
R.C. and MacIntyre, P.D. (1993), A student's contributions to second language
learning: Part II: Affective variables, Language
Teaching, 26/1: 1-11.
Gardner,
R.C. and MacIntyre, P.D. (1992), A student's contributions to second language
learning: Part I: Cognitive variables, Language
Teaching, 25/1: 211-20.
Gardner,
R.C. and MacIntyre, P.D. (1991), An instrumental motivation in language study:
who says it isn't effective? Studies in
Second Language Acquisition, 13: 57-72.
Gardner,
R.C. and Smythe, P.C. (1981), On the development of the attitude/motivation
test battery, Canadian Modern Language
Review, 37, 510-525.
Giles,
H. and St. Clair, (eds.) (1979), Language and Social Psychology, Oxford: Basil
Blackwell.
Gliksman,
L. Gardner, R. and Smythe, P. (1982), The role of integrative motivation on
students' participation in the French classroom, Canadian
Modern Language Review, 38: 625-47.
Green,
C.F. (1999), Categorising motivational drives in second language acquisition, Language,
Culture and Curriculum, 12(3), 265-279.
Hermann,
G. (1980), Attitudes and success in children's learning of English as a second
language: the motivational vs the resultative hypothesis, English Language Teaching Journal, 34: 247-54.
Hines,
M. and Rutherford, W. (eds.) (1981), On
TESOL '81, Washington D.C.: TESOL.
Ho,
D.W.S. (1979), English language skills and academic performance, In Lord
(ed.).
Holec,
H. (1987), The learner as manager: managing learning or managing to learn? In
Wenden and Rubin (eds.).
Holec,
H. (1980), Learner training: meeting needs in self-directed learning, In
Altman and Vaughan James (eds.).
Keller,
J. (1984), Motivational design of instruction, In Reigeluth (ed.).
Kraemer,
R. (1990), Social Psychological Factors
Related to the Study of Arabic Among Israeli High School Students,
Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, Israel: Tel-Aviv University.
Kruidenier,
B. and Clément, R. (1986), The Effect
of Context on the Composition and Role of Orientations in Second Language
Acquisition, Ouebec: International Centre for Research on Bilingualism.
Kwok,
H., Chan, M. and Sun, A. (1972), Where the twains do meet: A preliminary study
of the language habits of university students in Hong Kong, General
Linguistics, 12(2): 65-82.
Lai,
E.F. (1999), Motivation to learn English in Hong Kong, Language, Culture
and Curriculum, 12(33): 280-84.
Lai,
E.F. (1996), Language attitudes in the transitional period of Hong Kong, New Horizons in Education, 37: 39-45.
Laine,
E. (1981), Foreign Language Learning Motivation in Finland II: Critical Review
of Theories of Motivation and Studies with an Augmented Set of Variables,
English Summary, Turku: Publication de L'Association Finlandaise de
Linguistique Appliquée, No. 21.
Lambert,
W. (1995), Measurement of the linguistic dominance of bilinguals, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 50, 197-200.
Lambert,
W. (1974), Culture and language and factors in learning and education, In
Aboud and Meade.
Lambert,
W., Gardner, R.C., Olton, R., and Tunstall, K. (1968), A study of the roles of
attitudes and motivation in Second-Language Learning, In Fishman, 473-91.
Lin,
A., Detaramani, D., Yeung, I., and Wong, E. (1991), Intrinsic
Motivation and Second Language Attainment: A First Report on a Survey of
Tertiary Students in Hong Kong, Research Report No. 9, Hong Kong: City
University of Hong Kong Department of English.
Littlewood,
W. and Liu, F.N. (1996), The Learning
Experience, Attitudes and Proficiency Project, Hong Kong: University of
Hong Kong English Centre.
Lord,
R. (ed.) (1979), Hong Kong Education
Papers, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Lukmani,
Y. (1972), Motivation to learn and language proficiency, Language Learning, 22:261-73.
McGroarty,
M. (1996), Language attitudes,
motivation, and standards, In McKay and Hornberger (eds.).
McKay,
S. and Hornberger, N.H. (1996), Sociolinguistics
and Language Teaching, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McNamara,
J. (1973), Nurseries, streets and classrooms: some comparisons and deductions,
Modern Language Journal, 57: 250-55.
Morgan,
C. (1993), Attitude change and foreign language culture learning, Language Teaching, 26/2: 63-75.
Muchnick,
A. and Wolfe, D. (1982), Attitudes and motivations of American students of
Spanish, Canadian Modern Language Review,
38: 262-81.
Naiman,
N., Fröhlich, M., Stern, H., and Todesco, A. (1978), The
Good Language Learner. Research in Education Series No. 7, Toronto: The
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
Nunan,
D. (1995), Closing the gap between learning and instruction, TESOL
Quarterly, 29/1: 133-158.
Oller,
J. (1981), Research on measurement of affective variables: some remaining
questions, In Andersen (ed.).
Oller,
J. and Perkins, K. (1978a), Intelligence and language proficiency as sources
of variances in self-reported affective variables, Language
Learning, 28: 85-97.
Oller,
J. and Perkins, K. (1978b), A further comment on language proficiency as a
source of variance in certain affective measures, Language
Learning, 28: 417-23.
Oller,
J., Baca, L., and Vigil, F. (1977), Attitudes and attained proficiency in ESL:
a sociolinguistic study of Mexican Americans in the southwest, TESOL
Quarterly, 11, 175-183.
Oxford,
R. (1989), Use of language learning strategies: A synthesis of studies with
implications for strategy training, System,
17(2): 235-247.
Oxford,
R. and Ehrman, M. (1993), Second Language Research on Individual Differences, Annual
Review of Applied Linguistics, 13: 188-205.
Pennington,
M.C., and Yue, F. (1994), The place of English and Chinese in Hong Kong:
Assessing pre-1997 language attitudes, World
Englishes, 13, 1-20.
Pierson,
H.D., Fu, G.S., and Lee, S.Y. (1980), An analysis of the relationship between
language attitudes and English attainment of secondary students in Hong Kong, Language Learning, 30, 289-316.
Ramage,
K. (1990), Motivational factors and persistence in foreign language study, Language
Learning, 40: 189-219.
Reigeluth,
C. (ed.) (1984), Instructional Design Theories and Models, Hillsdale, N.J.:
Lawrence Erlbaum.
Richards,
S. (1994), Motives and Methods:
Motivation, Strategy Choice, and Language Use Among Secondary School Students
in Hong Kong, Hong Kong: Department of English, City Polytechnic of Hong
Kong.
Richards,
S. (1993), Motivation in Secondary
Language Learning: A Hong Kong Perspective, Research Report No. 32, Hong
Kong: City University of Hong Kong Department of English.
Rossier,
J. (1975), Extroversion-introversion as a significant variable in the learning
of English as a second language, Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of
Southern California, Dissertation
Abstracts International, 36: 7308A-7309A.
Savignon,
S. (1972), Communicative Competence: an
Experiment in Foreign Language Teaching, Philadelphia: Centre for
Curriculum Development.
Schumann,
J.H. (1976), Social distance as a factor in second language acquisition, Language
Learning, 26, 135-143.
Schumann,
F. and Schumann, J. (1977), Diary of a language learner: an introspective
study of second language Learning, In Brown et al. (eds.).
Shaw,
.D. (1981), Asian students' attitudes towards English, In Smith (ed.).
Skehan,
P. (1991), Individual differences in second language learning, Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 13: 275-98.
Skehan,
P. (1989), Individual Differences in
Second Language Learning, London: Edward Arnold.
Smith,
L.E. (1981), English for Cross-Cultural
Communication, New York: St, Martin's Press.
Spolsky,
B. (1989), Conditions for Second Language Learning, Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Strong,
M. (1984), Integrative motivation: cause or result of successfuly second
language acquisition? Language Learning,
34: 1-14.
Strong,
M. (1983), Social styles and second language acquisition of Spanish -speaking
kindergartners, TESOL Quarterly,
17:241-58.
Svanes,
B. (1987), Motivation and cultural distance in Second Language Acquisition, Language
Learning: A Journal of Applied Linguistics, 37/3: 341-359.
Svanes,
B. (1988), Attitudes and 'cultural distance' in second language acquisition, Applied Linguistics, 9/4: 357-371.
Walter,
S. and Balla, J. (1998), English Medium
of Instruction at City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, Research Report No. 17,
Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Department of English.
Wenden,
A. and Rubin, J. (eds.) (1987), Learner
Strategies in Language Learning, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
©Manfred Wu Man Fat 2004. All rights reserved.