ALBERTA HISTORY 1870-1872

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The major settlements of Alberta are Lesser Slave Lake, Lac La Biche,
Lac Ste Anne (Devil Lake), Jasper House, Big Lake (St. Albert).

1860

Louis Auger, Metis, b-1860 Lesser Slave Lake son William Augur. b-1836 and Marie Nipissing; married Lizette Cardinal b-1862, Lac La Biche daughter Antoine O-kee-stole Cardinal and Cecile Boucher.

Julien Belcour, Metis, b-1860, (Alberta), son Cecile Belcour b-1830 Alberta; married about 1881 most likely Lac Ste Anne, Marie Metis b-1868 Alberta, living Lac Ste Anne 1901. 

Annie Victoria Bellcour born 1860 at Lac Ste Anne, northwestern prairies (Alberta); died in 1965 at St. Albert, Alta, married Louis Callihoo and they farmed in the Villeneuve district of Alberta.

Julien Bellcourt, b-1860, Lac Ste Anne, (Devil's Lake, Alberta), son, Jean Baptiate Belcourt, b-1820 and Cecile Callihoo, Metis, b-1834, Peace River; married 1870, Lesser Slave Lake, Marie Gray, b-1863, Lesser Slave Lake, daughter James Gray and La Louise. 

Rocky Mountain House, birth Maria Anne Brazeau daughter Joseph Edward Brazeau (1812-1871) from St. Louis, U.S.A. and Marguerite Brabant (Brebant) dit Salois (1815-1885), 

Pascal Bruino, Metis b-1860 Alberta living Red Deer Lake, Alberta 1901. 

Joseph Cardinal, Metis, b-1860 between the Victoria Settlement and Lac La Biche (Alberta) son Antoine Mustalip Cardinal, b-1828 and Marie Lafourche Okisto, b-1846 Lac La Biche (Alberta); married 1881 Lac La Biche (Alberta) Domithilde Desjarlais, b-1865, Lac La Biche (Alberta) daughter Jean Marie Desjarlais, b-1830 and Rosalie Na-Quis Letendre Batoche, Metis. 

Helene Cardinal, b-1860 St. Albert (Alberta) daughter Norbert Cardinal b-1830 Buffalo Lake (Lacombe, Alberta) and Nancy Labonne b-1835 Lac La Biche (Alberta); married 1870/75 Fort Edmonton a Jean Baptioste Sauve, b-1858 Red River. 

Jules Chavis, Metis b-1860 Alberta married about 1887 Alberta Louise Metis b-1861 Alberta living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

Yinard Daniel (f) Metis b-1860 Alberta living Rabbit Hills, Alberta 1901.

Louis Daniel, Metis b-1860 Saskatchewan grandson Julia Daniel, Metis b-1817 Athabasca living Strathcona, (Alberta), 1901.

Adelaide Decoine, Metis, b-1860, Lac La Biche, daughter Francois Decoine Sr., married 1839, Lac La Biche and Josephte Desjarlais, Metis, b-1820; married 1881 likely Lac La Biche, Alberta, Edward Villeneuve Sr.. 

Lac Ste Anne, Alberta, birth Alphonse Delorme, Metis son Pierre Lemay Delorme, Metis b-1838 and Marguerite Callion L'Iroquoise b-1841.

Joseph Desjarlais, b-1860, St. Albert (Alberta) son Paulette Desjarlais, b-1830, Devils Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta) and Lizette Bruneau; married 1879 Lac La Biche (Alberta) Cecile Cardinal (Alberta) b-1861 Fort Pitt (Saskatchewan) daughter Jerome Cardinal, b-1839 Victoria (Alberta) and Josephte des Jarlais, b-1843 on the trail between Red River and Qu'appelle.

Abraham Gladu, Metis b-1860 N.W.T. married about 1881 N.W.T. Marianne Metis b-1861 N.W.T. living Plant, Alberta 1901. 

Jacques Gladu, Metis b-1860 Alberta married about 1887 Alberta Anna Metis b-1871 Alberta living St. Pierre, Alberta 1901.

Joseph Gooda, Metis b-1860 Alberta married about 1883 Alberta Mary Metis b-1860 Alberta living Millet, Alberta 1901.

(I)- George Gullion (HBC 1849-1874) is boat building at Rocky Mountain House

Nancy Irvine, Metis b-1860 Alberta married about 1892 Alberta living Strathcona, (Alberta), 1901.

Laurent L'Hirondelle, Metis b-1860 Alberta married about 1891 most likely Lac Ste Anne, Alberta  Sarah Metis b-1873 Alberta, living Lac Ste Anne, Alberta 1901.

Jean Baptiste Le Roc Metis b-1860 Alberta son Mary Le Roc b-1820, Alberta; married about 1889 Alberta Catherine Metis b-1870 Alberta living Wetaskiwan, Alberta 1901.

John Lightman, Metis b-1860 Alberta married about 1897 Alberta, living Millet, Alberta 1901.

H.S. McDonald b-1860 Red River, a railway worker, living Banff or West 1891.

Irma McDonald b-1860 Red River, living Banff or West, Alberta 1891.

Jennie McQuriell b-1860 Red River, living Banff or West 1891.

Lac La Biche, birth, Christine Moise, Metis b-1860 daughter  Jean Baptiste (Kakakekamik) Moise b-1827 and Charlotte Wapisiokowan; 2nd married 1856 Madeleine Abraham; married 1868 Lac La Biche John Longmore Sr. b-1850 Fort Pitt son William Longmore and a Metis mother; married 1882 Thomas Cardinal b-1863 Riding Mountain son Jerome Cardinal and Marianne Cardinal. 

Felix Munro Metis born Rupert's Land, employed HBC (1847-1861) on the Saskatchewan River, stationed Rocky Mountain house (1860-1861) as interpreter

Joe Paquet, Metis b-1860 N.W.T. married about 1882 N.W.T., living Edmonton 1901.

Joseph Pier, Metis b-1860 Alberta living Wintering Hills, Alberta 1901.

Charles Quintal, b-1840, Lac La Biche (Alberta) son Pierre Quintal and Charlotte Ladouceur, b-1814; married Euphrosine Cardinal, Metis b-1843 Victoria Metis Settlement,  (Alberta) located 90 km NE Fort Edmonton, daughter Jacques Cardinal, Metis, b 1798 and Josephte Tcikak, b-1780.

(I)-George Sutherland b-1860 Scotland married about 1882 Athabasca Margaret Metis b-1864 Athabasca, living Spruce Grove, Alberta 1901.

John Turner b-1860 Red River, married about 1889 N.W.T. Lucil Metis b-1865 N.W.T., living Edmonton 1901.  John Turner b-1859, married 1884 Lucy b-1872, one daughter known Barbara who married Frank Byers according to Laurence Byers.

Edward Villeneuve, Metis b-1860 Alberta married about 1881 likely Athabasca Landing Adelaide Metis b-1862 Alberta.

Louise Ward, Metis, b-1860, Fort Edmonton, (Alberta) daughter, Peter Ward, Metis, b-1840 and Rosalie Bisson, b-1843. 

Francois Whitford, born March 15, 1860, son William Francois Whitford, b-1830 and Lalouise Desjarlais, b-1839; married Marguerite Desjarlais or Moyen, b-1858, Battle River Settlement, Alberta daughter Joseph Moret (Pamotayadsip) Native Cree and Margeuerite Desjarlais.

Timolean Love, D.F. McLaurin, A. Perry and Tom (Thomas) Clover arrived Fort Edmonton.  Perry and Tom Clover prospected the Saskatchewan River from Fort Edmonton to Rocky Mountain House.  Clover Bar of south east Edmonton is named after Tom Clover. Richard Wright says, in an interview, Clover himself says, "At Edmonton there was a half-breed girl, daughter of a famous strong man of the Saskatchewan brigade, Paulet Paul, who had been killed by an Indian, and I thought she would make a pretty good companion so I married her." 

Shirley Olson says Thomas Clover's wife Elizabeth (Betsy) Paul, Metis is the daughter of Paulet Paul and Josephte Metis, b-1810, died November 14, 1870, her father was a Cree and mother a Metis.  Josephte's 1st marriage an Indian and she lived most of her life in Carlton and St. Albert.  Her 3rd marriage was to Pauler Paul,  She says Thomas Clover is the great grandfather of her husband Gordon Olson.   Josephte's 1st marriage produced Betsy who married Olemus and lived Fort Pitt.  2nd marriage produced Louison (Paul) Arcand, d-1870 Lake St. Anne, Bella Arcand married William Fitzgerald, St. Albert, LaLouise Arcand married Edwin Belcourt of St. Albert, Clarissa, married Ambroise Fagnant of St. Albert.  All three girls took the name Paul as their surname.  4th marriage produced Johnny Paul, Betsy Paul who married Thomas Clover, Daniel Paul d-1870, and Marie Paul married Andrew Flett, d-1870 of St. Albert. 

Father's Albert Lacombe (1827-1916), Remas and Train make Lake Saint Anne their rendezvous point with its chapel, a good house, school and a convent.  Henry Steinhauer (1818-1884), a Native Ojibwa Missionary, reported the Natives were still singing Robert Rundle's hymns and were praying for another missionary like Rundle.

During this decade a southern trade route is established between Alberta and Montana called the Whoop Up Trail.  The trade route followed the Missouri River to Fort Benton then north to Canada.  Some believed the name was originated by Johnny LaMotte of Fort Benton.  He was asked how business was with the north and he said that when he arrived they were just whooping it up.

During this decade the Whoop-Up boys built whiskey forts at Blackfoot Crossing (the ridge under the water) near Glechen on the Bow River some 60 miles below Calgary, Calgary, High River, Kootenay Lakes, Stand-off and other points.

The Chinese came to British Columbia before Victoria, Vancouver or New Westminster existed.  They were lured by the California gold mines, which they later abandoned for the richer Fraser River Gold strike of B.C.  Two thousand became expert placer miners and prospectors, all before B.C. joined Confederation in 1871.

Some contend the Metis have been using the Cypress Hills as a wintering site since about this time.  Others suggest it was not until 1868.

January:  Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth Felix Andrews alias Cartier, son Baptiste Andrews and Catherine Gladu; married October 1881, Lucie Legrand or Kistotewah a Metis, b-1860, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Charles Legrand or Kistotewah a Native and Isabelle Carter.

February 7:  Jasper House, birth Marie Gaucher daughter Pierre Jean Gaucher and Lisette Colette; marries October 1875 Dunvegan, Athabasca Charles Paul, born June 1853 Big Lake aka St. Albert. 

June 26:  Lac La Biche (Alberta), birth Eleonore Cardinal, Metis, daughter St Luc Cardinal, Metis, b-1836 and Marguerite Desjarlais b-1839.

August 20:  Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) and his men started down river, to see a place and get some hay cut if convenient to commence another station to settle.  Four days later they returned, stating they had found such a spot and had cut some hay at a place he intends to make a farm.  No further mention is made of this proposed farm.

September:  Fort Pitt Cree killed a Sarcee coming to trade.  Three weeks later 20 Cree are killed by the Blackfoot.  The Cree fled to Lac La Biche and Whitefish Lake where the Methodist Reverend Steinhauer (1818-1884) had a mission.

December 9:  Fort Edmonton (Alberta), birth, Samuel St. Sauveur, Metis, son, Pierre St. Sauveur, and Marie Gouin, a Cree Metis; married 1884, Battle River Settlement (Alberta), Marie Decoine, Metis, b-1877, Lac La Biche (Alberta) daughter Pierre "Peter Jacob" Decoine aka Cardinal, b-1841 White Fish Lake, Athabasca and Agnes Letendre Batoche, Metis, b-1840, Moose Deer Lake.

1861

Edward Beyan, Metis b-1861 Alberta living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

Margaret Bone b-1861 Red River, likely daughter Philious Bone b-1845 and Caroline Fidler, Metis b-1848 Quebec; living Assiniboine 1891. 

Eva Boucher, Metis, b-1861 St. Albert (Alberta, daughter Pierre Boucher and Marie Amable (Montagnais); married 1875, Calgary (Alberta), James Ward Jr., b-1831, St. Albert (Alberta) son James Ward Sr., (1831-1906) and Catherine Bruneau.

Fort Edmonton (Alberta), birth, Helene Callio (Callihoo), Iroquois, Metis, daughter Michel Callio, (Callihoo), Metis, born October 1, 1823, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) and Marie Savard (1828-1869); married 1861, St. Albert (Alberta) Benjamin St. Arnald, b-1830, Slave Lake (Alberta) son Benjamin St. Arnaud and Marie Cantsous.

Julien Campion, Metis b-1861 Alberta, married to Marie b-1867 Red River, living Lac Ste Anne 1901.

Sophie Cardinal, b-1861, on Saskatchewan River, (Alberta), daughter, Gabriel Cardinal dit Labatoche, Metis, b-1835, Lac La Biche (Alberta) and Marie Bruneau, Metis, b-1837, Fort Edmonton; married 1880, Fort Pitt (Saskatchewan) Fred Ballendine, b-1860.

Alex Cardnell, Metis b-1861 Alberta married about 1883 Alberta most likely Trail Creek Isabell Metis b-1864 Alberta, living Trail Creek, Alberta 1901.

Joachim Courtepatte, Metis b-1861 Alberta married about 1888 Alberta Madeleine Metis b-1871 Alberta living St. Pierre, Alberta 1901.

Louis Dagnault b-1861 Red River married about 1881 N.W.T. Mary Metis b-1869 N.W.T., children include St. Pierre b-1822 N.W.T. and Margaret b-1888 N.W.T., all living Fort Edmonton 1991.

Louis Desrochers, Metis b-1861 Alberta married about 1882 Alberta Olive Metis b-1863 Alberta living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

Peter Donald b-1861 Red River married about 1890 Alberta Isabella Metis b-1874 Alberta living Strathcona, (Alberta), 1901.

(I)- Colin Fraser (1807-1867) (HBC 1827-1867) is a clerk in charge of Lac St. Annes (1861-1867) where he died April 23, 1867 and his remains were returned to Fort Edmonton for burial.

St. Pierre Gaucher, Metis b-1861 Athabasca married about 1893 Alberta, likely Lac Ste Anne, Marianne Metis b-1874 Alberta, living Lac Ste Anne 1901.

Justivie Giva b-1856 U.S.A. married about 1880 N.W.T. Angelica Metis b-1861 N.W.T, living Fort Edmonton 1891. 

Augustin Gladu, b-1861, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), son, Charles Gladu, b-1810 and Therese Gray, b-1813, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta); married, 1878, St. Albert (Alberta), Josephte Gouin, b-1861, . Red River, (Manitoba), daughter Antoine Gouin, b-1833 and Marie Duchadmic, b-1834 Red River. 

Thomas Gladu, Metis, b-1861 son Julien Gladu and Kamamak; married 1883, Lac La Biche (Alberta), Marie LaPoudre, b-1824, Lac La Biche, daughter St. Pierre Makatahkarjaway LaPoudre and Therese Cardinal, b-1826

Philippe Gray, Metis b-1861 married about 1888 Alberta, likely Lac Ste Anne, Clarisse Metis b-1872 Alberta, living Lac Ste Anne 1901.

(I)- George Gullion (HBC 1849-1874) is boatbuilding out of Fort Edmonton 1861-1864

Thomas House, Metis b-1861 Alberta married Elizabeth Metis b-1861 Alberta living Lakeland, Alberta 1891.

Paul Hunter b-1861 B.C., a cowboy, living Calgary 1891.

Alexander Johnstone, Metis b-1861 Alberta living Lac La Biche, Alberta 1901.

Angelique Lemire, Metis, b-1861, St. Alberta (Alberta) daughter Francois Lemire, Metis, b-1817, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) and Susanne Boucher, b-1830, Lac Ste Anne; married James Folster, Metis, b-1860 son William Folster, Metis b-1826 and Maria Pruden, b-1828.

Lizzie L'Hirondelle b-1861 Red River, living Calgary 1891.

Bella Lougheed, Metis b-1861 N.W.T. living Southern Alberta 1891.

Cyprien Loguier, Metis b-1861 Alberta son Louis Loguier b-1832 and Angele b-1839; married about 1885 Alberta Marie Rose Metis b-1868 Alberta,  living White Whale Lake 1901.

Angus McDonnald, Metis b-1861 Alberta son Louise McDonnald Metis b-1821 Alberta; married about 1876 Alberta living St. Albert, Alberta 1901. 

Kenneth MacDonald arrived Fort Edmonton.

Narchies Meanie, Metis b-1861 Alberta living Ponoka, Alberta 1901.

George W. Norris, Metis b-1861 Alberta married about 1890 likely Beaver Lake Sophia M. Metis b-1871 Alberta.

George Parkin, Metis b-1861 N.W.T. living  Assiniboia West, Southern Alberta 1891.

Louis Paul, Metis b-1861 Alberta married about 1890 Alberta Margaret Metis b-1874 Alberta, living Lakeland eastern Alberta 1891.

Betty Paupin b-1861 Red River, living Assiniboia West 1891.  Assiniboia West likely refers to southern Alberta, or south west Saskatchewan, at this time.

Fred Pope b-1846 Quebec married about 1880 N.W.T. Celemy b-1861 N.W.T., living Mountain Mill, Alberta 1901.

Thomas Taylor, Metis b-1861, Red River, married about 1883 most likely Athabaska, Floristing Metis b-1870 Alberta, living Athabasca Landing 1901.

Angelique Wanut, Metis born May, 1861, Rocky Mountain House daughter Simon Wanut and Marie Anne Karaconti L'Iroquoise; married 1877 Dunvegan, Athabesca, Xavier Nipissing or Shawan, b- July 1856, Lac Ste Anne, son Thomas Shawan Nepissing, b-1818 and Rosaire Gladu.

Margaret Wishart b-1861 Red River, a rancher, living Gleichen, Alberta 1891.

Peter H. Wishart b-1861 Red River, a rancher,  living Gleichen, Alberta 1891.

Father Remas wrote Bishop Alexandre Tache (1823-1894):  "The trouble with Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) is that he wants to do everything himself, he does not know how to delegate work to his brothers; he has too much confidence in himself, and very little or none in others.  His second fault is to have the knack to persuade his superior to let him do what he wishes.  His third fault is his very excessive sensitiveness in that he cannot tolerate being told anything, even something ever so small offends him.  It ends up that when he has succeeded in making himself liked, everything is fine;  everything is fine although everything is wrong; the consequences of these small troubles will be felt everywhere, even at confession."  

Antoine Dion assisted Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) in building a chapel at the historic Metis settlement of Big Lake, up the hill from the Sturgeon River and called it St. Albert.  The Metis had settled the area for more than 50 years.  Some Metis, however, would continue to call it Big Lake for the next hundred years.  The Gray Nuns (Sisters of Charity) from Devils Lake (Lac Ste Anne) would follow and travel to Big Lake in two years.

Rocky Mountain House is burned to the ground by the Cree.  The H.B.C. and the Cree are having a trading problem.  The fort refused to sell liquor so the Cree, in retaliation, refused to sell food.  The fort was deserted due to lack of food and trade.

January 22:  Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) set out for Rocky Mountain House to establish more formal relations with the Blackfoot.  Three leading Blackfoot chiefs died and the new leaders became increasingly dangerous, destroying the small crops around the post.  They wanted to burn Fort Edmonton and rid themselves of all white men.  

April:   In Rocky Mountain House, Thomas Clover b-1809 worked the Saskatchewan from Rocky Mountain House to Fort Edmonton, getting only  $7.00 gold.  Timoleon Love and D.F. McLaurin are working in the Fort Edmonton area.

April 1:  Father Lacombe (1827-1916) some Metis and Michel Normand with his wife Rose Plante and a young orphan Nancy went to Big Lake to build St. Albert.  They had four oxen, some horses, a plow and the needed tools.  They set up a hide tent as a residence.  They commenced building a building 25 x 30 feet.  Some local Metis assisted in cultivating the fields for a garden.  Wheat was planted at this location.  Some 20 Metis families mainly from Lac Ste Anne settled along the Sturgeon River and by the shores of Big Lake.  The Sturgeon River originates at Big Lake near St. Albert and enters the North Saskatchewan River at Fort Saskatchewan.  He assigned river lots like in Quebec narrow frontage on the river but extending two miles long.  It is noteworthy that this location has been used by the Metis since 1800.  Some suggest this is the oldest non-fortified settlement in Alberta but Lac Ste Anne, aka Devils Lake predates St. Albert as a Metis settlement as does La La Biche des Metis.  The Sturgeon River mid-way between St. Alberta and Fort Saskatchewan was the favorite swimming hole of the author.  Camping on the sand banks of the Sturgeon is vivid in my memories.

June 1:  Fort Edmonton, birth, Joachim Courtepatte, son, Baptiste Courteplatte, b-1829, Jasper House, died after 1901, and Josephte Belcourt, born October 5, 1833 Lesser Slave Lake, died after 1901;  married 1888, Madeleine Berland, b-1871, Red Deer River (Saskatchewan) daughter Edouard Berland, b-1819 and Genevieve Moignon.

June 22: Lac La Biche Mission (Alberta) birth Alexander Johnson, son Charles Johnson and Lizette Bruneau, married January 24, 1882 January 24, 1882 Lac La Biche Mission to Melanie Lavallee b-1862 daughter Louis Martin dit Petit Louis Martin Lavallee b-1840 and Catherine L'Esperance b-1846

June 30:  Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), birth, Philippe Gray, Metis, son, Joseph Gray, Metis, b-1809, Jasper House and Susanne Callihoo L'Iroquois, b-1824; married 1885, Clarisse Karaconti, born February 29, 1872 Peace Hills daughter Alexander alipe Karaconti, b-1845, Rocky Mountain House and Rosalie Letendre aka Mooshwan, b-1848, Devil's Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta). 

July 23:  Grand Rapids, Saskatchewan River, (II)-George McDougall (1821-1875) a Protestant missionary heads for Fort Edmonton, he wrote can we not do something for the thousands of Indians in the Edmonton district...From five hundred Stoney Indians the cry comes "send us a missionary".  Chief Factor W.G. Christie of Fort Edmonton hearing of the missionary intention to visit Fort Edmonton and the millions of Indians in the Saskatchewan, kindly offered assistance.  Georges son (III)-Rev. John Chantler McDougall (1842-1917)  departed immediately to Fort Carlton and (II)-Rev George McDougall (1821-1875) went to Fort Garry and with Richard Hardisty of H.B.C. as a guide went on horse back to Fort Edmonton.  On the trip he met Peter Erasmus (1833-1931) a Ojibwa Metis, interpreter who could speak 9 languages and he joined his mission.

1862

Will Arnault, Metis b-1862 Alberta, married about 1883 likely Athabasca, Justin Metis b-1867 Alberta. 

Irenee Arnault, a white man married about 1862 Isabelle Chalifoux dit Labouteille, Metis, b-1847, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Pierre Chalifoux, born March 20, 1806, Lac Poisson Blanc and Marie Cartier, Metis, born June 1821, Lesser Slave Lake, (Alberta).

Olive Blayonne or Blandion, Metis, b-1862, St. Albert (Alberta), daughter Antoine Blandion, b-1833 and Marie Surprenant, Metis, b-1840; married 1881 St. Albert (Alberta) Xavier Durdocher, b-1862 Carlton, (Saskatchewan).

Madeleine Boucher, Metis, b-1862 Fort McMurray, Athabasca daughter Joseph Boucher and Madeleine; married 1876 Fort McMurray, Athabasca, James Daniel, Metis, b-1858, Red River son Griffith Daniel and Native woman.

 Joseph Edward Brazeau (1812-1871) from St. Louis, U.S.A. of HBC is assigned Edmonton House (1862-1864) 

John George (Kootenai) Brown (1839-1916) arrived Canada and after a career of gold hunter, scout for the likes of General George Custer, Pony Express rider and whisky trader settle at Waterton Lakes, Alberta.

Harriet Byers b-1862 Red River, living Calgary, Southern Alberta 1891.

Julie Calahaisen, b-1862, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son William Calahaisen and Sophie Auger; married, September 26, 1877, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), Charles Anderson, born October 25, 1848 Red River.

Julien Campion, Metis, b-1862, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) son William Campion, Metis, b-1837 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), and Philomene Chalifoux, b-1834, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) married 1881 in the Plains, Marie Swain, born March 19, 1867 daughter John Swain, b-1829 and Louise (Elise) Laverdure, born October 12, 1830 N.W.

Julien Cardinal, Metis b-1862 Alberta married about 1894, Alberta, Victoria Metis b-1873 Athabasca, living Lac La Biche, Alberta 1901.

Arsene Cardinal, b-1862, Birch Lake (Alberta), daughter, Gabriel Cardinal dit Labatoche, b-1835 and Marie Bruneau, b-1837.

Pelagie Cardinal, b-1862, Lac La Biche (Alberta) daughter Jean Baptiste Laventure Cardinal, b-1830 and Josephte Peis-check dir Gladu Chpukpux, b-1830; married 1880 Lac La Biche (Alberta) Francois Decoine, b-1858, Lac La Biche (Alberta). 

Jean Chamberland, Metis b-1862 Alberta married about 1883 Alberta Sarah Metis b-1862 Alberta living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

Benoit Gladu, Metis b-1862 Alberta married about 1883 Alberta most likely Lac Ste Anne, Josephine, Metis b-1873 Athabasca, living Lac Ste Anne 1901.

Colin Fraser (1807-1867) arrived Lac Ste Anne (Alberta).

James (Jacques) Gladu, b-1862, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) son Joseph Gladu and Emma Amable Belcourt, b-1835; married Anne Oiche, born March 15, 1869, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) daughter Samuel Piche Mamenawata and Anne Arcand Mahegan.

Richard Hardisty (1831-1889), Metis is made Chief Trader at Carlton House on the North Saskatchewan River and moved to Edmonton House as Chief Trader until his death..

George Houk b-1845 U.S.A. married to Victoria Metis b-1862 Alberta, living at Coal Banks (Lethbridge, Alberta) in 1901.

Alexandre Johnson, b-1862 Lac La Biche (Alberta) son Charles Johnson, b-1829, Red River and Lizette Bruneau; married 1882 Lac La Biche (Alberta) Melaine Lavallee, born September 28, 1862, Athabasca District daughter Louis or Martin Lavallee, b-1840 Red River and Catherine Lesperance, born November 5, 1846.

Millince Johnson, Metis b-1862 Athabasca married about 1893 living Lac La Biche, Alberta 1901.

Nancy Johnstone, Metis b-1862 N.W.T., living Medicine Hat, Southern Alberta 1891.

Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) organized the Metis settlers to build the first bridge west of the great lakes crossing the Sturgeon River, collecting a toll, except on Sundays.  This is not entirely true as the Mountain Cree built the first bridge in the west about 1840 on the Cree Trail to Fort Edmonton and later upgraded it for cart use.

Susie Laframboise, Metis b-1862 N.W.T., likely daughter James Laframboise b-1826 N.W.T., living Medicine Hat, Southern Alberta 1891.

Bernard Letendre, Metis b-1862 Alberta, living Lac Ste Anne 1901.

John Munroe, b-1862, Lac Ste Anne, son John William Munroe, Metis b-1831 and Isabelle Lussier aka Isabelle Francois; married, 1884, Fort Macleod, Elizabeth Ann Whitford, born August 13, 1865, Victoria Metis Settlement, (Alberta) located 90 km NE Fort Edmonton, (Alberta), on the North Saskatchewan River.   

Joseph Noron b-1861 Red River married about 1886 Alberta Elizabeth Janeetis b-1862 Athabasca, living Lakeland, Alberta 1891.

Blanc Babt Poisson, Metis b-1862 Alberta married about 1895 Duhamel, Alberta Isabelle Metis b-1862 Alberta.

Rosalie Attekamek poisson-blanc, b-1862, Victoria (Alberta) daughter Victor Attekamek Poisson-Blanc, Metis, b-1820 Fort Edmonton (Alberta) and Catherine Durand aka Dumont, b-1823, Mountain Fort; married 1879, Peace hills, Gilbert aka Basil Kowiston (Petitcoteau or Thomas), b-1855, Fort Ellice (Manitoba). 

Andre Rushell, Metis b-1862 likely the son Anglie Rushell b-1830 Alberta; married about 1861 Alberta most likely Trail Creek, Magdelaine, Metis b-1866 Alberta living Trail Creek, Alberta 1901.  

Jonas Ward, Metis, b-1862, St. Albert, (Alberta) son, Peter Ward, Metis, b-1840 and Rosalie Bisson, b-1843. 

An American Fur Company, which folded in 1865, sent an expedition into the Fort Whoop-Up area prospecting for gold. 

Father Lacombe (1827-1916) built a bridge across the Sturgeon River near St. Albert aka Big Lake.

Where the western arm of Slave Lake tapers into the beginning of the Mackenzie River on its north bank is Providence.  This is a Roman Catholic Mission established this year.

Archibald Thompson was impressed with Edmonton, commenting that they lived on pemmican and potatoes but that there are some pretty girls here.   Saint Albert and Lac Saint Anne are still highly dependent on the bison (buffalo) hunt for survival.   Hunniford of St. Catherine's, however, thought it was a dirty establishment.  A pregnant Mrs. Schubert and her three children were in the party.  About twenty five of the McMicking party remained at Fort Edmonton to wash for gold.  The rest went on to British Columbia but few ended up mining for gold.  Andre Cardinal b-1829 Jasper House, Metis, was a guide for the McMicking party of 1862.  Others in the party were Isaac Brock McQueen b-1830 Brockville who married Susan Grant, Metis; Donald Matheson, b-May 22, 1835 Red River married before 1871 Christina Sutherland b-April 29, 1845; John Whiteford baptised May 23, 1824, Metis Red River; Robert Harkness, Irish/Iroquois, Metis b-1833 of Dundas, North West Territories who married June 25, 1856 Sabrina Wood.  

The 'Gold Rush Folks' say hiring a guide at Fort Edmonton was as difficult as finding a woman in a Gold-rush Camp.  A party of six prospectors finally engaged Jean Baptiste Gabriel, an Assiniboine Metis, as their guide.

Some of those 'Gold Rush Folks' who remained at Fort Edmonton are:
Robert Burns (1843-1915); John Atkinson of Red River; Sam Ballantye, Metis guide, Thomas Dunn (but moved on in 1863); George Fleet Jr. b-1823 Red River, Metis (married Mary Rose November 26, 1840) & returned Red River 1866; George Gunn of Red River; Erastuc C. Hall b-1839 died September 4, 1862 St. Albert aka Big Lake; Henry (Harry) Hamilton of Toronto;  Hector McBeath of Red River; John W. McLean (arrived February 3, 1863); Christina Sutherland b-April 29, 1845; Felix Monroe, Metis of Lac Ste Anne. 

'Gold Rush Folks' A. H. (B.H.) Hutchinson, James Kelso b-1834, Samuel Kyse b-1823 and John Malcolm, died July 14, 1913, Barkerville, B.C. but wintered at Fort Edmonton, departing in 1863 for the Cariboo, B.C..  While here they sluiced the Saskatchewan River.

William J. Christie b-1825, Chief Factor at Fort Edmonton, was unhappy with the cheek of two servants at the H.B.C. who quit their 4 year contracts and went back east, likely as a result of talking to the 'Gold Rush Folks'.  Henry Moberly of Jasper House quit H.B.C. to prospect for gold.

Hospice St. Joseph, the first residential school in Alberta opens at Lac La Biche.

One count of the newly named St. Albert boasted 20 Metis cabins in the immediate settlement.  A bridge was built over the Sturgeon River and a crude grist mill was built to grind flower.  Also built was a convent for the Gray Nuns.

It is believed Rev. George Millard McDougall (1821-1875) move his small mission from Smoky Lake to the Victoria Metis Settlement Crossing (Alberta) as this was a common camping place of the Cree. Victoria is south of Smoky Lake on the North Saskatchewan River.   The mission settlement (1862-1918) was dissolved and the people moved to Smoky Lake when the railway bypassed the community.

It was noted that Brazeau, Rev Woolsey (1834-1911), Alexander and Thomas Clover resided at Fort Edmonton.  It was recorded that Joseph E. Brazeau is living with an Indian Woman although he has a wife in the southern states.  

January:  Battle River Settlement (Alberta) birth Agathe Cardinal, Metis, died 1874, Saddle Lake, Saskatchewan, daughter Jacques Cardinal, b-1836 Big Lake (St. Albert, Alberta) and Marie Catherine Cardinal b-1800 Fort Edmonton.

June:   The McMicking Expedition, consisting of 150 people with 97 Red River carts, left Fort Garry for Fort Edmonton.   The party led by Thomas and Robert McKicking (McMicking) arrived at Fort Edmonton on July 21.  They traded their Red River carts for pack horses and crossed the mountains to the Fraser River with the help of Native guides.  They rafted down the Frazer to Fort George (Prince George), losing 6 men to the river.  Most went on to the Cariboo (Caribou) Goldfields. Others went on to Kamloops (Cumeloups meaning the meeting of the waters),  arriving in October.  The only known woman was Catherine O'Hare Schubert, d-1918 with her 3 children.  She gave birth to her 4th shortly after arriving at Kamloops in October.  It is noteworthy that about 250 would-be prospectors passed through Fort Edmonton this year on their way to the gold fields.  It is also noteworthy these 150 folks including one woman and 3 children covered with ease what the RCMP would find difficult later this century.  The major difference was the 'Overlanders' used Red River Carts and prairie horses.

July 21:   Fort Edmonton was described as a trash heap with no military orderliness, and a place in which the people were starving because of the scarcity of bison (buffalo), or so reported the 'Gold Rush Folks'.  The 'Gold Rush Folks' also known as the 'Overlanders' arrived at Fort Edmonton.  

July 26:  Joseph T. Halpenny is at Edmonton House.

In September Father Lacombe (1827-1916) opened the first school in Alberta at Fort Edmonton with twenty pupils. Brother Scollen is the first teacher at Saint Albert, that became a diocese this year. Reverend's George and (III)-Rev. John Chantler McDougall (1842-1917) established the Victoria Mission near Victoria Metis Settlement (Alberta), seventy miles down river from Fort Edmonton (Alberta). William Gladstone built the Smokey Lake Mission for Reverend Thomas Woolsey (1834-1911).

September:  Smoky Lake, the Reverend (II)-George McDougall (1821-1875) and his son (III)-Rev. John Chantler McDougall (1842-1917), arrived to chose a location for a mission.  He would call this mission Victoria aka Victoria Metis Settlement which was located 90 km NE Fort Edmonton (Alberta).  He then with 2 Indian guides traveled to Norway House to collect his family.  As reported by (II)-William Gladstone, born after 1832 Montreal.

September: Athabaska District (Alberta) birth Melanie Lavallee daughter Louis Martin dit Petit Louis Martin Lavallee b-1840 and Catherine L'Esperance b-1846 (likely born before this date)

September 6:   Jean Baptiste Gabriel, an Assiniboine Metis guide, deserted his 'Gold Rush Party' of six men, west of Calgary, stealing two of their horses.  The Indians offered to guide them through to the mountain passes

September 26:  St. Albert (Alberta), birth, Jonas Ward, Metis son, Peter Ward, Metis, b-1840 and Rosalie Bisson, b-1843; married about 1887 likely Clover Bar, Magaline Metis b-1866 Alberta.

November:  Jean L'Heureux who was living among the Blackfoot since 1860 arrived Fort Edmonton with a wounded United States miner.

November 24:  St. Albert aka Big Lake, marriage Edouard Beaudry, Metis, son Joseph Beaudry Jr., b-1809, and Louise Ladouceur, Metis b-1820, Lac La Biche (Alberta), died 1906; married Rosalie Dumont, Metis born December, 1844 daughter Gabriel Dumont, Metis (1795-1801) and Suzanne Lussier, Metis. 

December:  J.E. Brazeau, a fort trader, visited the Blackfoot camp to facilitate peace talks with the Cree at Fort Edmonton.

December 25: St Boniface, Red River birth Rosaline Lavallee, d-1863 St. Boniface daughter Louis Martin dit Petit Louis Martin Lavallee b-1840 and Catherine L'Esperance b-1846, parents were in Athabaska District (Alberta) in 1862 and returned by 1866, to Alberta they married February 18, 1862 St. Boniface

1863

Job Bird, Metis b-1863 Alberta married about 1895 Alberta Mary Metis b-1873 Alberta living Whitefish Lake, Alberta 1901.

John Borwick, Metis b-1863 Alberta, married about 1894 Alberta Elizabeth Metis b-1866 Alberta, living Whitford, Alberta 1901.

Elizabeth (Isabelle) Bruneau, b-1847, Buffalo Lake (Lacombe, Alberta), daughter Michel Joachim Bruneau, b-1806 and Marie Catherine LaDouceur, b-1810; married 1863, Lac La Biche (Alberta) Patrick Pruden, Metis, born January 17, 1842 son Arthur Pruden, Metis (1820-1881) and Charlotte Small. 

Clement Cardinal, b-1863, Lac La Biche (Alberta) son John Aubichon Cardinal, b-1826, Lac La Biche (Alberta), and Cecite Labonne, b-1839, Lac Poisson Blanc; married, 1880, Dunvegan, Athabasca (Alberta), Josephine Richards, Metis, b-1866, Jasper House (Alberta), daughter James Richards, Metis, b-1834, Moose Factory, N.W. and Madelaine Nipissing born December 1848, Lac La Nun (Alberta). 

Christiana Clare, Metis b-1863 Alberta married 1888 Alberta living U.S.A. 1890 to 1895, living Fort MacLeod, Alberta 1901.

Rose Wabamun Desjarlais, Metis, b-1863 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), died 1870 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) daughter Antoine Wabamun Desjarlais, Metis b-1820 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) and Marie Julie Catherine Kakatow a Cree; 

Joseph Donald, Metis b-1863 Alberta married about 1891 likely Colchester, Marais Metis b-1874 Alberta.

Paskel Dumont, Metis b-1863 Alberta married about 1885 Alberta Jutches Metis b-1868 Alberta, living New Norway, Alberta 1901.

Eloise Favre, Metis b-1863 Alberta married about 1880 Alberta, living Lethbridge, Alberta 1901. 

Frank Grayham, Metis b-1863 Alberta, married about 1887 most likely Trail Creek Anne H., Metis b-1871 Alberta.

Joseph Jacknife, Metis b-1863 Alberta, 1st married about 1871, 2nd married about 1895 Alberta most likely Trail Creek Vavien (Vaviene), Metis b-1873 Alberta, living Trail Creek, Alberta 1901.. 

Jacques (James) Laderoute, Metis b-1863 St. Albert (Alberta), son Oliver Laderoute, b-1806, Montreal, died March 23, 1876, St. Albert (Alberta) and Angelique dit Brabant Maskegan;  married about 1886 Alberta, Emilienne Berland, Metis, b-1873, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), daughter Edouard Berland, Metis, b-1819 and Genevieve Moigon, living St. Pierre, (Alberta), 1901.

Victor Lawrence, Metis b-1863 Alberta married about 1888 Alberta Catherine Metis b-1865 Alberta living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

Marie Morin born 1863 Fort Edmonton daughter Jean Baptiste Morin and Marie Crise.  Marie married at Fort Edmonton 1882 to LaBelle and claimed to live at the Fort from 1863 to 1882. 

Joseph Nipissing or Shawan, b-1863, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) son Thomas Shawan Nepissing, b-1818 and Rosaire Gladu; married 1894, Battle River Settlement (Alberta) Esquasis Ka-say-too.

Rose Powell b-1863 Red River, living Calgary, Alberta 1891.

W. Powell b-1863 Red River, living Calgary, Alberta 1891.

Lac La Biche, marriage, Patrick Pruden Sr., born January 17, 1842 and Elizabeth (Isabelle) Bruneau, b-1847 Buffalo Lake (Lacombe, Alberta)

F. Robinson, Metis b-1863 N.W.T. a freighter married to Madeline Metis b-1869 N.W.T. living Battle River, Alberta 1891.

Delphis Rowland, Metis b-1863 Alberta son John Rowland b-1834 and Sophie b-1841; married about 1884 Alberta Liza Metis b-1864 Alberta living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

John Rodway b-1863 Red River, a lumberman, living Coal Mine, Albertra 1891.  

John Rushell, Metis born 1863 Alberta  likely the son Angelie Rushell b-1830 Alberta; married about 1900 Alberta, living Trail Creek, Alberta 1901.

Abraham Salois of Fort Edmonton went after some Stonies who stole the goods from a Blackfoot family.  He recovered all the goods except a gun.

Elizabeth Savard, b-1863, Fort Edmonton (Alberta), daughter Antoine Savard, b-1825 and Marguerite Bisson, b-1831; married 1884, 

Johnny Delaronde, born October 15, 1855 son Paul Delaronde, b-1832, Marguerite Sinclair, b-1836.

Rodway John Stone b-1863 Red River, Living Calgary, Alberta 1891.

Adam (Ignace) Waniyanade, b-1863, Jasper House (Alberta), son Louis Ignace Waniyande, b-1825, Jasper House (Alberta) and Lisette Courteoreille, b-1829 N.W.; married, 1878, Lac Ste Anne, Martine Gladu, Metis, b-1866, Lac Ste Anne, daughter Jean Baptiste Glaud, b-1807 and Sophie Collin, Metis b-1815 Jasper House (Alberta). 

Benjamin Whitford, Metis, born September, 1863 between Whitefish Lake and Victoria Metis Settlement, (Alberta), located 90 km NE Fort Edmonton, son Peter Whitford Jr. born September 27, 1836 and Nancy a Native Woman; married September 6, 1881, Dunvegan, Athabasca, Elise Anehay, born March 1863, Grande Prairie, daughter Ahnehay a Beaver Native and Marie Sandawaywetum. 

Dr. Cheadle and Viscount Milton passed through Fort Edmonton enroute to the Cariboo Gold Fields.

Milton and Cheadle noted the lowness of the Yellowhead Pass.  It is noteworthy that Yellowhead Lake was previously called Cowdung Lake or Buffalo-Dung Lake. 

Rev. (II)-Rev. George Millward McDougall (1821-1875) reported 100's of Indian were camped at Victoria (Alberta) crossing on the North Saskatchewan River.

Forbes and Charles Vernon with Captain Houghton acquired 14,000 acres as a military land grant near Vernon, B.C.

The first notation of a medical record is made at Fort Edmonton (Alberta).

March:  The nuns moved from Lac Ste Ann aka Devils Lake to St. Albert aka Big Lake.  The Metis began building a horse-drawn mill.  This did not work very well and was replaced by a water driven mill that functioned very well.

May:  Father Caer, who seems to lack some of the qualities necessary for the priesthood, complained that Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) was seeing members of the opposite sex too frequently and for no good reason; especially the nuns and girls in the kitchen.  Brother Scollen reported that the devious-minded Father Caer is the one playing the role of which he accused his colleague.

May 14:   Viscount Milton, Doctor Cheadle, and a Metis guide named Assiniboine along with his wife and thirteen year old son, arrived at Fort Edmonton.  They also visited the Metis settlement at Devils Lake (Lac Ste Anne).  They are on their way to the Pacific.

August 7:  St. Albert (Alberta), birth Elisabeth Beaudry, died November 24, 1899 Means (Alberta) married January 6, 1879, St. Albert (Alberta) Jean Baptiste L'Hirondelle son Jean Baptiste L'Hirondelle and Catherine Loyer.

September 21:  Lac La Biche (Alberta), birth, Christine Gladu, daughter Francois Gladu, born March 20, 1841 and Catherine Hope, b-1843, Lac La Biche, (Alberta); married 1879 Fort Edmonton (Alberta), John Lightning. 

November 30:  Lac La Biche (Alberta), birth Marcelline Cardinal, Metis, daughter St Luc Cardinal, Metis, b-1836 and Marguerite Desjarlais b-1839.

December 31:  Lac La Biche (Alberta), birth Peter Pambrun, son Pierre Chrysologue Pambrun, born August 1824, Lesser Slave Lake and Elizabeth Quintal, b-1833, Lac La Biche (Alberta); married Marie Rose Schmidt, born September 26, 1873, Victoria (Alberta) daughter Alfred Rabasca dit Schmidt, b-1825, Slave Lake, d-1901 and Emilie Vivier, b-1849, Fort Pitt (Saskatchewan). 

1864

Adams, Metis b-1664 N.W.T. living Southern Alberta 1991.

St. Albert (Alberta), marriage Alexandre Beaudry, b-1842 son Joseph Beaudry, b-1809 and Louise Ladouceur; married Marianne Berland, b-1844 an Iroquois Metis daughter Francois Berland, b-1807 and Therese Callihoo L'Iroquois (1820-1878).

Narcisse Boucher Jr., b-1864 Athabasca District son Narcisse Boucher Sr., b-1827 Quebec and Jusith McCarthy, born December 10, 1835 Athabasca District; married Caroline Ladouceur, b-1862 Fort Pitt (Saskatchewan), daughter Pierre Ladouceur, b-1840 Quebec and Marguerite Fraser, Metis, b-1840 Fort Edmonton,(Alberta).  

Arsene Bourque, Metis, b-1864 Alberta married about 1882 likely Duhamel, Alberta.

Dieudonne Hooskeyah or Brilliant, b-1864, Lesser Slave Lake, (Alberta), son Joseph Nooskeyah or Brilliant and Madeline Surprenant, b-1837, Lesser Slave Lake, (Alberta); married 1884 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) Marie Omekasewanit, b-1869, Lesser Slave Lake, (Alberta).

William Callihoo, Metis, b-1864, Big Lake (St. Albert, Alberta), son Thomas Karaconti Callihoo, Metis, (1830-1874) and Mary Findley, b-1827, Jasper House (Alberta); married November, 1884, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Angelique Gaucher, born April 4, 1870, St. Albert (Alberta) daughter Joseph Gaucher, b-1830, Jasper House (Alberta) and Elizabeth (Elise) Blandion, b-1842.

Agustin Cardinal, Metis b-1864 Alberta, married about 1885 Alberta Geneveve Metis b-1872 Alberta, living Lac La Biche, Alberta 1901.

Suzanne Cardinal, Metis, b-1864, Battle River Settlement (Alberta) died 1874, Saddle Lake, (Saskatchewan), daughter Jacques Cardinal, b-1836 Big Lake (St. Albert, Alberta) and Marie Catherine Cardinal b-1800 Fort Edmonton.

Marcelina Cardinal, Metis b-1864 Alberta living Rabbit Hill, Alberta 1901.

Philip Cardinal, Metis b-1864 Alberta married about 1883 Alberta Amelia Metis b-1875 Alberta, living Lac La Biche, Alberta 1901.

John Cardinal, b-1864, Lac La Biche (Alberta), son, Gabriel Cardinal dit Labatoche, b-1835 and Marie Bruneau, b-1837.

Catherine Collins, b-1864, St. Albert aka Big Lake, daughter, Joseph Collin and Sophie Loyer, b-1840, Lesser Slave Lake; married, December 19, 1884, Henry Charles Whitford, b-1869.  

Daniel Coningham, Metis b-1864 Alberta, married about 1893 Alberta Maria Metis b-1873 Alberta, living Egg Lake, Alberta 1901.

W.R. Corbett b-1864 Red River, living Medicine Hat 1891.

Francia Daguin, Metis b-1864 Athabasca married about 1885 Alberta Isabell Metris b-1864 Peace River, Alberta living Lakeland, eastern Alberta 1891.

St. Albert aka Big Lake, Alberta, birth Emmannel Delorme, Metis son Pierre Lemay Delorme, Metis b-1838 and Marguerite Callion L'Iroquoise b-1841.

Marie Wabamun Desjarlais, Metis, b-1864, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), died November 1870, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) daughter Antoine Wabamun Desjarlais, Metis b-1820 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) and Marie Julie Catherine Kakatow a Cree; 

(I)-William Fitzgerald b-1846 Ireland, married about 1894 Alberta Bella Paul, Metis b-1864 Alberta, living St. Albert, Alberta 1901. 

Paul Gooda, Metis b-1864 Alberta married about 1881 Alberta Louisa Metis b-1866 Alberta living Millet, Alberta 1901.

William Hanrelte b-1861 U.S.A. married about 1885 N.W.T. Verna Metis b-1864 N.W.T., living Olsen, Alberta 1901. 

(I)-James Kirkness (HBC 1864-1882) assigned mostly Fort Edmonton and Saskatchewan District.  He is still listed in 1889 as a freeman with a debt at Fort Edmonton.

Marie LaPoudre, Metis, b-1864, Lac La Biche (Alberta), daughter, St. Pierre  Makatahkarjaway LaPoudre and Therese Cardinal, b-1826; married, 1883, Lac La Biche (Alberta), Thomas Gladu, Metis, b-1861 son Julien Gladu and Kamamak.

Louis Ladoucher, Metis b-1864 Alberta married about 1887 Alberta Mary Metis b-1870 Alberta living Lac La Biche, Alberta 1901.

Narcisse Ladouceur, Metis, b-1864, Lac La Biche, (Alberta), son Joseph Ladouceur, b-1813, Beaver River (Alberta) and Julie Auger, (Alberta), b-1822 Lac La Biche (Alberta); married 1882, Lac La Biche (Alberta), Julie Auger, b-1863, South of Saskatchewan River, (Alberta), daughter, Augustin Auger, Metis, b-1825, Lesser Slave Lake, (Alberta) and Rosalie Labonne, epouse 1861, Fort Edmonton, (Alberta), Sylvie Bruneau, b-1845, Lac La Biche (Alberta)

William Letendre, aka Mooshwan, Metis b-1864 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) son Jean Baptiste Letendre aka Mooshwan, born October 20, 1807, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta)and Madeleine Gladu, born September 22, 1830, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta);  married about 1892 most likely Lac Ste Anne, Marie Louise Gaucher, Metis,born September 22, 1875, Jasper House (Alberta), daughter Joseph Gaucher, b-1830, Jasper House and Elizabeth Blandion, b-1842. 

Norma Loagin, Metis b-1864 N.W.T. living Fort Edmonton 1891.

John McDougall of Whitefish Lake married Reverend H. B. Steinhauer's (1818-1884) daughter Abigail Steinhauer who died 1870/71 leaving two small daughters, others (David Bird) suggest three Metis daughters Flora, Ruth and Augusta, and he noted the Reverend H.B. Steinhauer was married to in 1846 to Jessie Joyfil Seeseeb Mamenuwartum.

Slave Lake, marriage, Joseph Mahkass to Veronique Batard, b-1844, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Etowekapow Batard and Marie Rose Shenaskamikspew.

Lesser Slave Lake, birth Isabelle Mahkass (Cree), daughter Joseph Mahkass and Veronique Batard, b-1844; married, 1884, Lac La Biche (Alberta), Francis Decoine, b-1862, Athabasca River, son Isadore Decoine, b-1840, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) and Catherine Latranche, b-1841, Athabasca District.  

Joseph Munroe, Metis b-1864 N.W.T. living Fort Edmonton 1891.

Albert Nelson b-1864 Ontario, married about 1884 Alberta Emmellie Metis b-1864 Alberta living Josephburg, Alberta 1901.

John Norris and two hundred red river carts journeyed from Red River to Fort Edmonton, taking three and one half months. They were following the McMicking expedition trail which would become essential to Edmonton's future growth.

Battle River, marriage,  Mitshus Michel Paul, Metis b-1830 Lac La Biche died 1870 Fort Pitt son Paulette Paul and Bethsay Paul, Metis, married  Josephte Patenaude, Metis daughter Michel Patenaude Jr, Metis b-1808 Fort Edmonton died 1875 on the South Saskatchewan River and Rosalie Berger b-1815 Fort Edmonton.

Frank Pruden, Metis b-1864 Athabasca married about 1894 likely Beaver Lake Anabel b-1876 Red River.

St. Albert aka Big Lake, birth, Theodore Savard, son Alexander Savard Sr., b-1831, Slave Lake and Therese Bisson, b-1830 Peace River;  married 1886 Emmerance Savard, born July 1869. 

Jasper House, birth Euphrasine Waniyande daughter Jean Baptiste Waniyande, born 1821 Jasper House, and Isabelkle Karaconti, b-1820 Jasper House, died 1888 Jasper House; married Abraham Plante, born March 3, 1868, Lac Ste Anne son 

Fleix Ward, Metis B-1864, Fort Edmonton, son James Ward Sr., Metis b-1831 and Catherine Btuneau; married, Rose Ward b-1868, Manitoba. 

Father Albert Lacombe's (1827-1916) brother Gaspard Lacombe visited St. Albert aka Big Lake, in his quest for gold.  St. Albert aka Big Lake at this time consisted of some forty Metis families with a total population of some 300 souls.  

Battle River (Notikiwin seppe) aka Battle River Crossing and later (1880) named Laboucan Settlement after the five Laboucan brothers who settled here but was 1st a Metis settlement as evidenced by the marriage this year of Josephte Patenaude, Metis, b-1833, Fort Edmonton and Mitshus Michel Paul, Metis b-1830 Lac La Biche, died 1870 Fort Pitt.

Fort Edmonton was short of supplies and could not continue to supply other than their own staff.  John McDougall had to make a trip to Red River to bring back supplies.

Victoria Post was built by the H.B.C. beside the Victoria Methodist Mission near Pakan, Alberta.  The post was to oppose free trading and serve the Metis and Indians camped nearby.  George Flett was the person in charge.  It was closed in 1883, forced to re-open in 1888 but finally closed in 1897-98 season.  

March 29:  St. Albert (Alberta), marriage, Alexander Beaudry, b-1842 son Joseph Beaudry, b-1809 and Louise Ladouceur, b-1820 Lac La Biche; married, Marianne Berland, Metis, b-1844 daughter Francois Berland, b-1807 and Therese L'Iroquois Callihoo, b-1820, died 1878, St. Albert (Alberta.

May 1:  Alfred Waddington of Vanciuver Island led an effort to build a waggon road from the head of Bute Inlet to the Chilcotin Plateau of the interior.  The Tsilhgot'in led by Klatsassin, motivated by fear of smallpox and threats to their territory, traveled down the Homathko River and ambushed Waddington's crew.  Thirteen men were killed in their tents.  Klatsassin and four other Tsilhot'in surrendred in Quesnel under a promise of amnesty.  They were hung.

June:  Elisabeth Nipissing or Shawin daughter Thomas Shawan Nepissing, b-1818 and Rosaire Gladu; married 1881, Fort Vermillion (Alberta) Adam Cardinal, b-1854, Lac La Biche (Alberta) son John Aurichon Cardinal, b-1826, Lac La Biche (Alberta) and Cecile Laronne, b-1839, Lac Poisson Blanc.

June 24:  Fort Edmonton, birth Danial aka David Cunnubgham son John Cunningham, b-1815 (Manitoba) and Rosalie L'Hyrondelle, born January 5, 1829, Lesser Slave Lake; married Marie Beaudry, b-1873, St. Albert (Alberta) daughter Narcisse Beaudry, born January 1845 and Lucie Breland born February 22, 1848 Red River, died 1906.

July:  Adelaide Blandion, Metis, b-1864 St. Albert (Alberta), Antoine Blandion, b-1833 and Marie Surprenant, Metis, b-1840.

July 28:  Dr. James Rae arrived Fort Edmonton saying he was picking out a route for a telegraph line to cross Canada to the Pacific Ocean.

September 18:  St. Albert (Alberta), birth, Elizabeth Callio (Callihoo), Iroquois Metis, daughter Michel Callio, (Callihoo), Metis, born October 1, 1823, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) and Marie Savard (1828-1869); married 1880, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) Francois Boudreau, Metis, b-1857 son Francois Boudreau, b-1811, Quebec and Emilee Aubichon, born February, 1827, N.W.

October 17:  W.J. Christie, chief factor, Fort Edmonton reported he had established a post at Fort Victoria (Alberta), 13 km south Smoky Lake and placed George Flett in charge.  This post was not created as a significant fur trading post but as a food supplier to Fort Edmonton, its major trade was in bison (buffalo), meat, tongues and robes.  Its total trade only represented 4% of the Saskatchewan District trade.  It was reported that a few free traders (Metis) were trading in the area at this time.  The Metis have made the Victoria Metis Settlement since before 1839 but never achieved a significant Metis settlement like Lesser Slave Lake, Lac La Biche, Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne), Big Lake (St. Albert), Buffalo Lake (Lacombe, Alberta), or Cyprus Hills to name a few Metis homeland communities. 

October 18:  Fort Edmonton, marriage, Charles Beauregard, b-1837, Lesser Slave Lake son Charles Beauregard Sr., died 1885 and Josephte Kwarakwentha Callihoo L'Iroquois, b-1822; married October 18, 1864, Fort Edmonton, Marie Bellerose, b-1843, Slave Lake.

December:  Father Lacombe (1827-1916) was given permission to roam the prairies in an attempt to evangelize among the ever-wandering Crees and Blackfoot.

1865

Joseph Auger, Metis, b-1865, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), died 1896, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), son William Auger, b-1836, Trout Lake (Alberta) and Mary Nipissing; married Elise Cardinal, b-1868, Lac La Biche (Alberta), daughter Antoine O-kee-stole Cardinal and Cecile Boucher.

Noel Beaudry, b-1865, St. Albert (Alberta) son Jean Baptiste Beaudry, b-1840 and Nancy Leveille (1844-1868); married April 27, 1892, Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan, Marie Emily Philomene McGillis.

Joseph Belcourt, b-1865, Lac Ste Anne (Calgary) son Jean Baptiste Belcourt, b-1820 and Cecile Callihoo, b-1834, Peacer River (Alberta); married Elizabeth Gray, Metis, born October 20, 1876, St. Albert (Alberta) daughter Magloire Gray, Metis, born May 15, 1849, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) and Genevieve Laderoute, born April 2, 1859, Fort Edmonton (Alberta)

Arsene Bourke-Bourque, b-1865, Lac La Biche (Alberta) son George Bourke-Bourque, died 1891 and Agathe Ladouceur, b-1846, Lac La Biche (Alberta); married 1883, Lac La Biche (Alberta) Marie Houle, b-1865, Lac La Biche (Alberta), died March, 1949 Duhamel, Alberta daughter Charles Houle, b-1828 Red River and Easther Bruneau, born August 8, 1840.

(I)-William Breirton b-1853 Ireland married about 1889 Alberta Ellen Metis b-1865 Alberta living Whitford, Alberta 1901.

(I)-John George (Kootenai) Brown (1839-1916) arrived Waterton Lakes from the Cariboo Goldfields, B.C. and established a trading post.  He then moved on to Red River, and was a dispatch rider until 1874, married a Metis girl and returned to build a permanent house at Waterton Lakes.

Paul Bruno, Metis b-1865 N.W.T. living Calgary, Southern Alberta 1891.

Alfred Chevigny, Metis b-1865 Alberta married about 1891 Alberta Clemence Metis b-1875 Alberta living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

Monique Courtepatte, Metis, b-1865, St. Albert (Alberta), died 1882, daughter, Noel Courtepatte, born December 24, 1821, Jasper House (Alberta) and Nancy Campion, Metis, b-1832, Lesser Slave Lake;  married, Louis Napoleon Beauchemin. 

Noel Delorme, Metis b-1865 Alberta, married to Marie Metis b-1868 Alberta, living Edmonton 1901 with brother Henry Delorme b-1885 Alberta.

Betsy Desjarlais, Metis b-1865 Alberta married about 1880, two sons are listed Ambroise b-1881 Alberta and Louis b-1884 Alberta most likely Lac Ste Anne where they are living 1901. 

Cyprien Finlay, Metis b-1865 Alberta, in Lac Ste Anne in 1901.

Emily Flint b-1865 Red River married a Charles Flint b-1856 England, one child listed Eva b-1885 Red River, all living Coal Mine, Southern Alberta 1891.

St. Pierre Gaucher, b-1865, Jasper House (Alberta) son Michel Gaucher, b-1829 and Marie Karaconti, b-1846.

Jim (James) Gibbons, b-1839 was found near starvation by the Red Deer River and taken to Rocky Mountain House.  He was a miner who arrived from B.C. down the Bow River to the mouth of the Elbow River and headed for Fort Edmonton.   He arrived Fort Edmonton, November 1865 and observed that only French, Gaelic and Cree was spoken at the fort.

Ambroise Gray, Metis b-1865 N.W.T. married to Josephine Metis b-1869 N.W.T., living Edmonton 1901.living

Charles Griffin, Metis b-1865 N.W.T., married about 1890 N.W.T., Mary b-1866-67 Red River, living Fort Edmonton 1891 & 1901.

(I)- George Gullion (HBC 1849-1874) a freeman is presumably working the North Saskatchewan River 1865-1867

Howell Harrie built Fort Spitze in High River.

James Harris, Metis b-1865 N.W.T. married about 1886 N.W.T. Anny Metis b-1866 N.W.T. living Plant, Alberta 1901.

Edward Henderson, Metis b-1865 Red River son Charles Henderson, Metis b-1835 and Mary Johnson, Metis b-1835; married Caroline Metis b-1874 Alberta living Whitford, Alberta 1901.

Jean Baptiste Laborcan, Metis b-1865 Assiniboia married about 1894 likely Duhamel, Alberta Mary Anne Metis b-1865 Assiniboia.  Assiniboia could refer to southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, or southern Manitoba, at this time.

Absolom Ladoucer, Metis b-1865 Alberta married about 1884 Alberta Mary Anne Metis b-1866 Alberta living Lac La Biche, Alberta 1901.

Pierre Thomas Laurion, b-1865, Rocky Mountains, near Smoky River, son Thomas Laurion and Angelique Metis; married 1890 Dunvegion, Athabasca, Dileman Tastawitch, b-1872, Dunvegan, Athabascia daughter Francois Tastawich and Josephte (Suzette) Iskewais Squasis (Beaver and Cree).

Gregoire L'Hirondelle, Metis b-1865 Alberta, living Lac Ste Anne 1901.

Norbert L'Hirondelle, Metis b-1865, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) son Baptiste L'Hyrondelle, b-1816, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) and Catherine Loyer, Metis, born August 1828 Jasper house (Alberta); married  Magdeleine Callio, Metis, born November 25, 1872 (Alberta), living St. Pierre, Alberta 1901.

Daniel Loguier, Metis b-1865 Alberta married about 1889 Alberta Adelaide Metis b-1871 Alberta living White Whale Lake, Alberta 1901.

(V) Octave Majeau (1843-1923) son (IV)-Jean Elie Majeau and Marie Louise Marsen Lapiere; arrived Fort Edmonton with brothers Dolphus and Joseph Majeau.  Octave in 1863 ventured into Kansas then returned to Montreal then spent two years working his way to Fort Edmonton.   1901 census lists Octave birth as 1844 Quebec.

John McDougall in the vicinity of Pigeon Lake enroute from Fort Edmonton, notes an utter absence of Indian trails.  He had to climb trees to scan the country.   

(III)-Rev. John Chantler McDougall (1842-1917)  son (II)-Rev. George McDougal (1821-1875) and Elizabeth Chantler; married at Whitefish Lake Abigail Steinhauer an Ojibwa daughter Henry Steinhauer a Ojibwa (1818-1884) and Jessie Joyful Seeseeb Mamanuwartum

Simon McGillivery, Metis b-1865 Alberta married about 1884 Harriet Metis b-1870 Alberta, living Whitford 1901.

Anne Mever, Metis b-1865 N.W.T. married about 1884 N.W.T., living Edmonton 1901. 

John Nelson b-1845 U.S.A. married about 1884 Alberta Elizabeth Metis b-1865 Alberta, living Livingston, Alberta 1901.

John Noris, Metis b-1865 N.W.T. living Battle River, Alberta 1891.

Andrew Quintaz, b-1865, Lac La Biche, (Alberta) son St. Pierre Quintal, White Fish Lake, Athabasca and Marie Oka-ee-ma-oo-wasis Gladu, b-1846 Rivere La Biche (Alberta); married Marie Cardinal born December 3, 1872 Red Deer Lake, (Saskatchewan) daughter Dominique Cardinal, b-1845 and Marie Anne Desjarlais.

Urban Ross, Metis b-1865 Assiniboia married about 1889 Alberta Peggy Metis b-1866 Alberta living Lac La Biche, Alberta 1901.  Assiniboia could refer to southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, or southern Manitoba, at this time.

Benjamin Sinclair, Metis b-1865 Alberta married about 1884 Veronique Metis b-1865 Alberta, living Pakan, Alberta 1901.

St. Albert aka Big Lake, birth, Emilien Ward, Metis, b-1865 daughter, Peter Ward, b-1840 and Rosalie Bisson, b-1843 

M. Inez Wilson (f) b-1865 Red River, living Gleichen, Alberta 1891.

Margaret Wishart b-1865 Red River,  living Gleichen, Alberta 1891.

Dr. George Hardy said:  the ownership of the Northwest was soon to become a race between confederation and the clutching fingers of the United States.  

Six miles up river from Fort Edmonton is the Miners' Bar, the bonanza gold panning camp of the gold rush of 1865.  John George (Kootenai) Brown, born 1839 England, died 1916 Waterton Lakes, Alberta arrived at Fort Edmonton to pan gold.  He would settle in 1875 at Waterton Lakes.  James Gibbson, Samuel Livingstone (1831-1897), Tom Riley, George Detwiten (Destwilner), John Healy, Joe Kipp and Charles Thomas, all miners, arrived at Fort Edmonton.  The HBC was not pleased and only Malcom Groat would talk to them.  (II)-James Gibbons Metis (1839-1928), gold miner, reported that Fort Edmonton had about 25 families living about the place.  He wrote that Cree, French and Gaelic are the only languages spoken.  Malcum Groat is the only man in the Fort Edmonton area who could speak English and it was noted that Kennith MacDonald and Tom Clover proceeded this party of men. 

It is noteworthy that a red river cart trail (part of the Edmonton-Calgary Trail) from Fort Edmonton to Buffalo Lake (Lacombe, Alberta) already exists when Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) traveled it this year. Buffalo Lake is occupied by 60 lodges of the Blackfoot with scarlet fever.  Jean L'Heureux was among them and reported to Fort Edmonton that more than 1,100 had died of the disease.  Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) caught the dreaded disease but he survived.  Richard Hardisty, a Metis, at Rocky Mountain house sent word that the disease was among the Blackfoot and they wanted the Black Robe.

Fort Nelson was rebuilt by Cornwallis King from the ashes of the old fort at the mouth of the Musqua and Bear River.

Some claim the Victoria Metis Settlement. on the north Saskatchewan River was established this year.  Joseph Favel aka Favell and Favoll, being the earliest recorded person in 1870.  This is ridiculous as the Victoria Crossing was occupied since 1839 (likely earlier) and records birth every year since.  The confusion is likely because about 25-35 Metis families from Red River settled here this year.

January 7:  Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) and his guide Alexis Cardinal departed St. Albert aka Big Lake to wander the prairies for the next seven years.  They crossed the Saskatchewan to discover three dead Blackfoot, the scalps had been taken by the Cree.  They journeyed to the Cree camp on the Labiche (Red Deer) River.  They are welcomed by Abraham Kiyiwain (Kehewin).  They go from Cree camp to Cree camp.

January 16:  Peacer River, birth, Marguerite Tremblay, daughter Raphael Tremblay, b-1802 and Catherine McDougall, b-1804;  married 1875 Lac La Biche (Alberta), St. Paul Cardinal, born March 16, 1851 Moose Lake, Athabasca (Saskatchewan) daughter Lawrent Cardinal (1819-1853) and Marie Moignon, b-1822, Egg Lake

April 29:  Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) sent his brother Gaspard Lacombe and Noel Courtepatte with an oxen to establish a Cree mission at Brosseau on the Saskatchewan River to be called St. Paul des Cris.  Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) with Alexis Cardional, a half Cree half Blackfoot widow and her young son who spoke both languages - - - we placed 50 barrels of potatoes, seed grain, carrot and turnip seed, a plow, some food and set out for St. Paul des Cris.  The objective was to establish an Indian agricultural base for when the bison (buffalo) no longer existed.  The Cree however only had half-hearted assistance and tolerance.  It is noteworthy that Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) used the term savages or sauvages when referring to these peoples.  Some argue that to him it signified wild as in wild fruit or flowers.   These savages called the Blackrobe Ka-miyo-atchakwe meaning the Man of the Beautiful Soul.

July:  The Blackfoot, about 100 strong, was planning to attack a Cree camp when Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) mounted a hill calling out to them.  They did not answer but, just departed and when confronted by Lacombe and his Metis, they admitted they were planned to attack the Cree camp.

August 4:  St. Albert (Alberta), birth, Ambroise Gray, Metis, son Joseph Gray, b-1809, Jasper House (Alberta) and Susanne Callihoo L'Iroquoise; married Josephte Houle, b-1869.

October 23:  Richard Hardesty of Rocky Mountain House welcomed the arrival of Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916), who soon departed with a band of Blackfoot who had come to trade.  They were headed to their winter camps of Piegans along the Red Deer River and Battle River.  Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) visited a number of Piegan and Blood camps.

December 1:  St. Albert aka Big Lake, Alberta, birth Christine Cardinal, Metis, daughter Andre Cardinal Sr. Metis, b-1835 Jasper House (Alberta), and Rosalie Berland, Metis b-1835 Jasper House. (Alberta).

1866

John Bateman, Metis b-1866 N.W.T., living Fish Creek, Southern Alberta 1891. 

Jean Baptiste Blandion, Metis, b-1866 St. Albert (Alberta), died May 1872, son Antoine Blandion, b-1833 and Marie Surprenant, Metis, b-1840.

Rigso Bolduc b-1850 Quebec married to Louisa Metis b-1866 N.W.T. living Battle River, Alberta 1891.

Theophilis (Theophile) Boucher, b-1866 son Narcisse Boucher Sr., b-1827 Quebec and Judith McCarthy, born December 10, 1835, Athabasca Districr;  married about 1886 Lac La Biche (Alberta) Elizabeth Cardinal, Metis, born 1866 Lac La Biche (Alberta), living Lac La Biche, (Alberta), 1901, daughter Louison Cardinal, Metis, b-1840, White Fish Lake, Athabasca and Marguerite LaRocque, Metis, b-1847 Norway House.

Joseph Bourke-Bourque, b-1866, Lac La Biche (Alberta) son George Bourke-Bourque, died 1891 and Agathe Ladouceur, b-1846, Lac La Biche (Alberta); married Hannah, b-1869.

Pierre Bouton alias Landry, born June 11, 1856 Red River, married 1866 Fort Assiniboine, one child vitaline Ward b-1872 Fort Edmonton, died 1891 Montana.

Harriet Brown, Metis, b-1866, Fort Providence (Alberta) daughter Magnus Brown, b-1840 Orkney, Scotland and Isabella Dor Rib a Native; married Frank Heron.

Lac La Biche, marriage Paul Bruneau b-1848 Lac La Biche son Michel Joachim Bruneau and Marie Catherine Ladoucher, married Isabelle (Kakakekamik) Moise, Metis b-1844-53 daughter Jean Baptiste (Kakakekamik) Moise b-1827 and Charlotte Wapisiokowan; 2nd married 1856 Madeleine Abraham.

Paul Bruneau, Metis, b-1866, St. Albert (Alberta) son Jean Baptiste Bruneau, b-1810 N.W. and Marie Salteux Kool.

Marguerite Cardinal, Metis, b-1866, Lac La Biche (Alberta), daughter Dominique Cardinal, Metis, b-1845, Floating Stone Lake (Alberta) and Marie Anne Desjarlais.

William Cook b-1866 Red River, living Southern Alberta 1891.

John Cunningham led a trading party of thirty Red River carts out of Fort Edmonton, the Indians pillaged the party and only escaped with their lives because Crowfoot intervened. 

Alexander Desjarlais, Metis b-1866 Alberta married about 1892 Alberta Therese Metis b-1870 Alberta living Lac La Biche, Alberta 1901.

Daniel Desjarlais, Metis b-1866 Alberta married about 1885 Alberta Mary Metis b-1863 Alberta, living Whitford, Alberta 1901.  

Charlie Eineby, Metis b-1866 Alberta, married about 1891 likely Edmonton, Nancy Metis b-1870 Alberta likely Edmonton, living Edmonton 1901.

John Fraiser Sr. Metis b-1842 N.W.T. married about 1866 likely N.W.T. Sarah b-1847 Red River.
Children include and all born N.W.T. & Metis John Colin b-1867, Henry James b-1869, Caroline b-1871, George b-1873, Albert b-1875, Florih b-1877, Margaret b-1879, William b-1881, Charles b-1883, Elizabeth b-1887 and Eadith b-1889.  All living Fort Edmonton 1891.

Calling Lake, marriage Toussaint Gladu, b-1843, died 1898 Calling Lake, Athabasca, married Angelique Atonkapow Cree, b-1839 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta).

Louis Gladu, b-1866, Wabasiow Lake, Athabasca son John Gladu and Kamamak; married 1891 Wabascow Lake, Athabasca, Marguerite Matchemutaw, b-1869, Lac La Biche (Alberta), daughter Louison Matchemutaw and Joseph Cardinal. 

Julie Anne Gaucher, b-1866, Big Lake (St. Albert, Alberta) daughter Joseph Gaucher, b-1830, Jasper House (Alberta), and Elisabeth (Elise) Blandion, b-1842; married 1881 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Alexis Campbell, Metis, b-1859 son Louis Pelletier or Campbell, born July 15, 1829, North Saskatchewan River in the Rocky Mountains (Alberta) and Marie Karaconti.

Louis Gladu, Metis, b-1866, Wabascow Lake, Athabasca, son Julien Gladu and Kamamak; married 1891, Wabascow Lake, Athebasca, Marguerite Matchwmutaw, b-1869, Lac La Biche (Alberta), daughter, Louison Matchemutaw and Josephte Cardinal. 

Moise Hamelin, Metis b-1866 Alberta married about 1890 likely Athabasca Landing, Julie Metis b-1871 Alberta.

William Hamilton b-1861 U.S.A. married about 1886 N.W.T. Vernis Metis b-1866 N.W.T., living Battle River, Alberta 1891.

Catherine R. Johnson b-1866 B.C. living Medicine Hat 1891

Alexandre (Alide) Karaconti, L'Iroquoise, b-1845 Rocky Mountain House,  son Thomas Karaconti Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1806 Jasper House and Lizette Karaconti; married 1866 Lac Ste Anne, Mooshwan Rosalie Letendre, b-1848, Lac Ste Anne.

Chipewyan District (Alberta) birth Louis  Lavallee, d-1868 Fort Chipewyan, son Louis Martin dit Petit Louis Martin Lavallee b-1840 and Catherine L'Esperance b-1846

Josephine Letendre, Metis b-1866 Alberta married about 1882 Alberta living Lac Ste Anne 1901. 

David Lighthek b-1866 Red River married 1884 Alberta Isabell Metis b-1861 Alberta living Ponoka, Alberta 1901.

Elzear Loguier, Metis b-1866 Alberta likely the son Louis Loguier b-1832 and Angele b-1839; married about 1895 Josephine, Metis b-1878 Alberta,  living White Whale Lake 1901.

Samuel Loyer, Metis b-1866 Alberta married about 1891 Alberta Isabelle Metis b-1876 Alberta living St. Pierre, Alberta 1901.

Catherine McCuaig b-1866 Red River, living Banff or West 1891.

James Norris, Metis b-1866 N.W.T. married about 1888 N.W.T. Annie Metis b-1868 N.W.T., living Fort Edmonton 1891.

Xavier Paquette, Metis b-1866 Alberta married about 1893 Alberta Lesa Metis b-1874 Alberta living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

Belle Paupin b-1866 Red River, living Assiniboia West 1891.  Assiniboia could refer to southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, or southern Manitoba, at this time.

Florence Paupin b-1866 Red River, living Assiniboia West 1891.  Assiniboia could refer to southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, or southern Manitoba, at this time.

Michel Picard, Metis b-1866 Alberta living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

Jules Power, Metis b-1866 Alberta, married about 1891, Madelaine Metis b-1872 Alberta, living Athabasca Landing 1901.

Henry Pruden, Metis b-1866, Alberta married to Martha Metis b-1871 Alberta, living Lac La Biche, Alberta 1901.  

Peter Sutherland, Metis born 1866 Alberta married about 1890 Alberta likely Lac Ste Anne, Elise Metis b-1870 Alberta, living Lac Ste Anne 1901.

Father Albert Lacombe (1827-1916) establishes a mission at St. Paul de Cree (Brosseau), and Fathers Tissot and Andre arrived at St. Albert aka Big Lake.  Father Lacombe (1827-1916) claimed he had some Iroquois Indian blood from the Old Regime in New France , saying that this was probably why he loved the Indians.  Other sources contend he said it was Ojibwa blood from a seventeen year old girl called Marie Louise Beaupre who, in about 1750, the Ojibwa kidnapped from her St. Lawrence River Saint Sulpice home.  In 1760 her uncle, trading near Sault Ste Marie, recognized her and returned her to her family with two Metis children, one being Father Lacombe's ancestor.   The Hudson Bay established a trading post at Big Lake (St. Albert) which operated until 1875.  Cunningham operated the post first, then Louis Chatelaine who went on in 1876 to operate a store for Kew, Stobart and Company.

May 7:  Lac La Biche (Alberta) Mathilde Johnson, daughter, Charles Johnson, b-1829, Red River and Agathe Anger, b-1848, Fort Vermilion, Peace River District (Alberta) daughter Baptiste Auger, b-1827 and Josephte Chalioux.

June:  Fort Edmonton (Alberta), birth Peggie Paul, daughter Kamiyoutakoskioo Paul and Lisette Matchumunoog Hkay, b-1834 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta); married, May 1892, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), John Gladu, born February 15, 1870, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Moise Gladu, b-1841 and Madeleine Tonnure.   

September 15:  Jasper House (Alberta), birth, Louison Pelletier or Campbell, son, Louis Pelletier or Campbell, b-1829 on the North branch of the Saskatchewan River on the Rocky Mountains (Alberta) and Marie Karaconti; married July 1888, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) Isabelle Hamelin. 

September 30:  Fort Edmonton (Alberta) birth Isidore Bruneau, Metis, daughter Isidore Bruneau, Metis, b-1845 and Isabelle Hamelin, Metis, b-1847.

October:  Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) birth Lazare Nooskeyah or Brilliant, son Joseph Nooskeyah or Brilliant and Madeleine Surprenant; married, Marie Anne, b-1881, Peace River (Alberta.  

October 10:  Octave Savard, b-1866, Fort Edmonton (Alberta), son Antoine Savard, b-1825 and Marguerite Bisson, b-1831; married February 1890, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) Julie Laboucanne, born July, 1873, Lesser Slave Lake, Alberta.

October 15:   St. Albert aka Big Lake, birth Adolphus Primeau, Metis, son Francois Primeau, Metis and Caroline Parisien, Metis.

November 13: St. Albert (Alberta) birth Jean Chalifoux, Metis, son Joseph Chalifoux, Metis, b-1838, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), and Julie Campion, b-1841 Lake McLeod

1867

Virginie Belcourt, b-1867, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), daughter Alexis Belcourt, b-1826 and Nancy Rowand, b-1832, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta); married 1883, Fort Saskatchewan (Alberta) Isaac Gagnon. 

Solomon Blandion, Metis, b-1867 St. Albert (Alberta), died October 1870, St. Albert (Alberta) son Antoine Blandion, b-1833 and Marie Surprenant, Metis, b-1840.

Norbert Blandion, b-1867, Big Lake (St. Albert, Alberta), died 1870 Battle River Settlement (Alberta) son William Blandion and Rosalie Malaterre, born September 18, 1840.

Francis Boucher, Metis, b-1867 Alberta married about 1890 Alberta Josephine Metis b-1869 Athabasca, living Lac La Biche, Alberta 1901.

Catherine Callihoo, Metis, b-1867 Alberta, married about 1887 Alberta, living Lac Ste Anne in 1901.

Elisabeth Cardinal, b-1867, Lac La Biche (Alberta), daughter, Louison Cardinal, b-1840, White Fish Lake, Athabasca and Marguerite LaRocque, b-1847, Norway House; married 1886 Lac La Biche (Alberta), Theophile Boucher, b-1866 son Narcisse Boucher, b-1827, Quebec and Judith McCarthy, born December 10, 1935, Athabasca District, N.W.

Cecile Cardinal, b-1867, Saddle Lake (Saskatchewan), son, Gabriel Cardinal dit Labatoche, b-1835 and Marie Bruneau, b-1837

Marguerite Christe born March 14, 1851 St. Andrews, Red River daughter William J. Christie b-1825, a Scot and Mary Anal a Metis moved to Fort Edmonton this year.

Gebert Daignault, Metis, b-1867 N.W.T., living Fort Edmonton 1891.

Elie Daigneault, b-1867, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) son Isaac Daigneault, b-1807 Fort Edmonton (Alberta) and Julie Larance, Carlton (Saskatchewan); married Eleonore Cardinal, Metis, born June 26, 1860, Lac La Biche (Alberta), St. Luc Cardinal, Metis, b-1836, Lac La Biche and Marguerite Desjarlais, b-1839, Lac La Biche (Alberta).

Shal Emlaw, Metis, b-1867 N.W.T. married to Nancy Metis b-1870 N.W.T., living Fort Edmonton 1891.

Bernard Flamand, Metis b-1867 Athabasca (Alberta) married to Sarah Metis b-1869 Alberta living Pincher Creek, Alberta 1901.

Isidore Flamand (McKay), b-1842 Red River, married, 1867, Peace River (Alberta), Charlotte Bourassa, Metis, b-1850 Dunvegan, Athabasca (Alberta) daughter Louis Bourassa and Marguarite Nisandaway Lafleur.

John Fraser Jr, Metis, b-1867 Alberta living N.W.T 1868-1889 and Clover Bar 1901 son John Fraiser Sr. Metis b-1842 N.W.T and Sarah b-1847 Red River.

 Pierre Girard, born 1850 White Horse Plains, Red River son Joseph Girard a Frenchman and Marguerite Jackson a Metis, moved with his family this year to Medicine Hat (Saamis meaning a medicine man's head dress; hat) .  He married 1877 a Sophie Jannies who died 1877, producing no children.  

Robert Gladstone, Metis, b-1867 N.W.T. married to Mary A. b-1875 N.W.T. living Mountain, Alberta 1901.

Adam Gladu, Metis, b-1867/72, Calling Lake, Athabasca, son, Toussaint Gladu, (1843-1898) and  Angelique A-ton-ka-pow, a Cree, b-1839, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), daughter, Iitowkapow a Cree and Marie Rose Noglas; married 1891, Lac La Biche (Alberta), Mary Auger, Metis, b-1874 Wabiscaw District, Athabasca daughter Michel Auger and Mary Anne Lechasseur, Metis, b-1852, Lac Poisson Blanc.

Marcus Godin b-1867 Saskatchewan, living Calgary 1891.

(I)- George Gullion (HBC 1849-1874) is boat building out of Fort Edmonton 1867-1874, but also guiding 1872-1873.

Peter Hodgson, Metis, b-1867 Alberta married about 1894 Alberta Marie Metis b-1870 Alberta living St. Pierre, Alberta 1901.

Isadore Hope, Metis, b-1867 Alberta married about 1897 Alberta Olive Metis b-1872 Alberta, living Lac La Biche, Alberta 1901.

The John Hoise party of 12 men, women and children departed Fort Benton, Montana for Fort Edmonton on rumors of gold on the North Saskatchewan River.  The camped three miles north of present Cowley, Alberta.  Their camp was attacked by a war party of Blood Indians led by Medicine Calf.  The entire party was killed.  This is believed to be the only wagon train massacre in Canadian history.

Joseph Laurie, Metis, b-1867 N.W.T. married to Catherine Metis b-1869 N.W.T. living Battle River, Alberta 1891.

Father Leduc arrived St. Albert aka Big Lake this year.

Benjamin Mahkass aka Ladouceur, b-1867, Lac La Biche (Alberta) son Joseph Mahkass to Veronique Batard, b-1844. 

F. Matthews b-1867 B.C. living Gleichen, Alberta 1891.

John Whitford, Metis b-1846 Red River son Peter Wjitford and Christiana Spence; married 1867 Victoria Metis Settlement, (Alberta) located 90 km NE Fort Edmonton, (Alberta), Jane Mary Tate-Tait, Metis b-1845 Point Douglas, daughter William Tate-Tait and Mary Bear Cree.

David P. Wishart b-1867 Red River, a rancher, living Gleichen, Alberta 1891.

After the death of (I)-Colin Fraser (1807-1867) his Cree wife, son (II)-George Pendleton Metis born 1849 and other children relocated from Lac St Anne to Long Lake 6 miles west of Fort Edmonton.

Jim Odonnald b-1860 Ontario married to Alan Metis b-1867 Alberta living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

Father Lacombe (1827-1916) began encouraging annual freight shipments along the thousand-mile trail to Fort Garry as a source of employment for the Metis.  This is an interesting claim given that the Metis have been doing this for years.  A warehouse is built outside the walled Fort Edmonton to ensure that Canadian and United States goods are not mixed with European goods.  Fifty men are at Fort Edmonton including a group of miners from the Omineca Gold Fields who arrived through Peace River.

United States whiskey traders, many of them civil war veterans, entered southern Alberta to make their fortunes.   Fort Whoop-up aka 1874 Fort Fort MacLeod or Fort McLeod is established about this time after the United States Government banned liquor sales in Indian Country.  Prime Minister John A MacDonald, a man who they say was incapable of making important decisions failed to respond to Blackfoot complaints of the United States whiskey traders.  It however is important to remember that MacDonald had no jurisdiction in the west.  The I.G. Baker Company was the economic force behind the whiskey trade, and would later become the main supplier to the NWMP.   Col. James Farquarson MacLeod (1836-1894) effectively joined with the wolvers. 

William Lee, a fur trader from Fort Benton, Montana built a cabin in the Beazer area near Cardston (Alberta).  Lee Creek is named after him.  W.S. Shirley of Oregon is believed to be the sond in the Beazer area and hw was called 'The Cattle King of Oregon'.

A good return trip between Fort Benton (Montana) and Fort Whoop-up (Alberta) took two and a half months and carried an average of 70,000 hides a year.

Fort Carlton on the South banks of the North Saskatchewan River is a Fort of extremes.  In summer they are plagued by prairie fires and in the winter they get more than their fair share of snow.  It was, however, a junction of the overland Carlton-Fort Pitt Trail and the Saskatchewan River Route.

Fort Edmonton 1867
This photo is labeled Fort Edmonton 1867 but this cannot be true as there are buildings outside the fort walls and this did not occur until after 1870 when the (II)-Reverend George McDougall (1821-1875) built a church outside the walls.

This photo likely should read 1867-1879 with the photo being taken the late 1870's.
That looks like the Big House in the fort built 1874?

No less than 80 red river carts departed Red River, in one day, for the west.  It was estimated that some two thousand Red River carts were being employed in the trade.

January 14:  Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), birth, Samuel Loyer, Metis son Louis Loyer, Metis, born April 30, 1831, Fort Assiniboine and Angele Callihoo, Metis, b-1837, Lesser Slave Lake; married Isabelle Gladu, b-1875, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) daughter Joseph Gladu and Emma Amable Belcourt, b-1835.

March:   Father Lacombe (1827-1916), on the Carlton Trail from Fort Pitt, became snow blind while going to meet Bishop Grandin at Fort Carlton.

July 1:  The Dominion of Canada came into existence.

July:  Lac La Biche, birth Henry Pruden, son Patrick Pruden Sr., born January 17, 1842 and Elizabeth (Isabelle) Bruneau, b-1847; married Martha Pruden, born December 3, 1871, White Fish Lake, Athabasca. 

October 15:  Alberta, birth Bernard Flamand, son Olivier Flamand, born July 4, 1832 Red River and Helene Malaterre, b-1831, Red River; married Sarah Boucher, born April 1, 1869 daughter Marie. 

November:  Beaver Hills (Alberta), birth Louisa Gladu, Metis, daughter Edward Gladu, Metis, b-1847, Lac La Biche (Alberta) and Betsy Constant, Metis born December 1845, the Pas (The Big Eddie, Saskatchewan); married October 1883, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), St. Arnauld Aniskaypimooghtayoo.  

1868

Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth Andre Andrews son Baptiste Andrews and Catherine Gladu; married 1894, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) Helene Opeeweetayor, died before 1901.

Pierre Arnault, Metis, born December 1868 on the plains, died 1870 Fort Assiniboine, son, Irenee Arnault, a whiteman and Isabelle Chalifoux dit Labouteille, Metis, b-1847

Benjamin Blandion, b-1868, Big Lake (St. Albert, Alberta), died 1870 Battle River Settlement (Alberta) son William Blandion and Rosalie Malaterre, born September 18, 1840.

Lac Ste Anne, marriage Jean Baptiste Belcourt Jr., Metis, born January 20, 1849, Lac La Biche or Lac Ste Anne?, son Jean Baptiste Belcourt Sr. b-1820 and Cecile Callihoo b-1834, Peace River;  1st married 1868 Lac La Biche, Isabelle Adam b-July 1858 Lac La Biche daughter George Adams b-1833, Red River and Angelique Desjarlais b-1834, Red River. 

Joseph Bourque, Metis, b-1868, Alberta, married about 1889 Alberta Hannah Metis b-1870 Alberta living Saddle Lake, Alberta 1901.

Elizear Callihoo, b-1868, St. Albert (Alberta) son Thomas Karaconti Callihoo (1830-1874) and Mary Findley, b-1827, Jasper House (Alberta); married March, 1891, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Genevieve Gaucher, born January, 1873, Dunvegan, Athabasca (Alberta), daughter Joseph Gaucher, b-1830 Jasper House (Alberta) and Elizabeth (Elise) Blanaton, b-1842

Elisabeth Cardinal, b-1868 Lac La Biche (Alberta), daughter, Antoine Cardinal (O-kef-stole) and Cecile Boucher; married, Joseph Auger, Metis, b-1865, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), died 1896 Lesser Slave Lake, (Alberta) son William Auger, Metis, b-1836 Trout Lake, (Alberta) and Marie Nipissing. 

Jules (Julian) Cardinal, b-1868, Lac La Biche (Alberta) son Jerome Cardinal, b-1839 Victoria (Alberta) and Josephte Desjarlais, b-1843 on trail Red River to Qu'appelle: married, Victoria Martel, b-1873 Dunvegan, Athabasca (Alberta), daughter Nazaire aka Marcel Martel and Celina Tremblay.

Catherine Cardinal, b-1868 Athabasca River, daughter Jean Baptiste Laventure Cardinal, b-1830 and Josephte Peis-check dir Gladu Chpukpux, b-1830.

Joseph Comula, Metis b-1868 Alberta married about 1897 Alberta Mariana Metis b-1868 Alberta living Rabbit Hills, Alberta 1901.

Alf Cunningham, Metis b-1868 Alberta married about 1893 Alberta Emelia Metis b-1877 Alberta living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

Theodore Decoine, b-1845, Lac La Biche, died October, 1870, Lac La Biche son Francois Decoine Sr., and Josephite Desjarlais, b-1820;  married 1868, Lac La Biche, Christine Carlouche Viver, Metis, b-1851 daughter Oliver (aka Charles) Callouche Viver, Metis and Lisette Vallee, b-1817.   

Elizabeth Diamond, Metis b-1868 Alberta, married about 1889 Alberta, living Egg Lake, Alberta 1901.

James C. Erasmus, Metis b-1868 Alberta married about 1892 Jemima Metis b-1872 Alberta living Pakan, Alberta 1901.

Joseph Favel (Favell or Favoll) of Red River  murdered a comrade in the mountain pass while returning from B.C. to Alberta. 

Bernard Gaucher, b-1868, Jasper House (Alberta) son Michel Gaucher, b-1829 and Marie Karaconti, b-1846.

Edward Gladue, Metis b-1868 Alberta married to Rose F. Metis b-1868 Alberta living Fort MacLeod, Alberta 1901.

(II)-Cleophus Gonan, Metis b-1868 Alberta son (I)-William Gonan b-1823 Orkney Island and Sara Metis b-1833 Red River, living Lakeland, Alberta 1891.

John R. Habster, Metis b-1868 Saskatchewan married about 1894 likely Calgary Julia Metis b-1873 Alberta.

James House, Metis b-1868 Alberta married about 1897 Alberta Mary Metis b-1865 Saskatchewan, living Saddle Lake, Alberta 1901.

Jean Baptiste Laroque, Metis b-1868 Alberta married about 1884 Alberta Rosalie Metis b-1871 Alberta, living Lac La Biche, Alberta 1901.

Lac La Biche, mattiage,  John Longmore Sr. b-1850 Fort Pitt son William Longmore and a Metis mother married Rosalie aka Cardinal, Moise, Metis b-1854 daughter  Jean Baptiste (Kakakekamik) Moise b-1827 and Charlotte Wapisiokowan; 2nd married 1856 Madeleine Abraham.

Eva Larose, Metis b-1868 Alberta married about 1895 Alberta living Strathcona, (Alberta), 1901.

Benjamin Lepretre, b-1847, Lac La Biche son Jean Baptiste Lepretre and Lisette Lemire; married 1868, Dunvegan, Athabasca, Angelique Testawitch, b-1852, Fort Vermillion, daughter Jean Baptiste Tastawitch Sr., and Marie Apititish.

Antoine Lirondelle, Metis b-1868 Alberta married about 1895 Alberta Lucie Metis b-1875 Alberta, living Egg Lake, Alberta 1901.

William MacDonell, b-1856 Quebec, married about 1886 N.W.T. Betsey Metis b-1868 N.W.T. living Battle River, Alberta 1891.

Robert McDonald b-1868 Red River, living Assiniboia.  Assiniboia could refer to southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, or southern Manitoba, at this time.

John Ouellette b-1868 U.S.A. married about 1889 Alberta Margaret Metis b-1863 Alberta, living Fort Saskatchewan, (Alberta) 1901.

Daniel Paul married 1868 Fort Edmonton, Marguerite Deschamps, b-1848, Red River daughter Francois Desehamps alias Rabasca and Marguerite Heneault dit Canada (1829-1870).

Gilles Peltier b-1868 Quebec, married to Evelina Metis b-1876 N.W.T., living Edmonton 1901.

Shakokessikoipew Pitikiwinis married 1868 Lac La Biche (Alberta), Elizabeth Auger, Metis, b-1853, Lac La Biche (Alberta) daughter Augustin Auger, Metis b-1825 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), Rosalie Labonne.  

Abraham Plante, Metis b-1868 Alberta married about 1890 Alberta most likely Lac Ste Anne, Frosine Metis b-1864 Alberta, living Lac Ste Anne, Alberta 1901.

Henry Prudin, Metis b-1868 Alberta son Patrick Prudin, Metis b-1843 and Elizabeth Metis b-1846 Alberta living Alberta 1868 to 1890, living Lakeland eastern Alberta 1891.

Mary Robinson, Metis b-1868 N.W.T. living Southern Alberta 1891.

(V) Octave Majeau (1843-1923) son (IV)-Jean Elie Majeau and Marie Louise Marsen Lapiere; Octave married 1868 Lac Ste Anne (Devils Lake), North West Territories a Emelle L'Hirondelle (1848-1932) Metis daughter Jean Baptiste L'Hirondelle born 1817 and Catherine Loyer born 1829; this family would marry into the Garneau Clan next century.  It is not known where Emelle was born but she was raised at Devils Lake.

Donald Rhan, Metis b-1868 Alberta grandson (I)-William Gonan b-1823 Orkney Island and Sara Metis b-1833 Red River, living Lakeland, Alberta 1891.

Mary Robinson b-1868 N.W.T., living Fish Creek, Alberta 1891. 

Ruth Wheatley b-1868 N.W.T. living Gleichen, Southern Alberta 1891.

Lac La Biche (Alberta) marriage Guillaume Villebrune, Metis, b-1835, Red River son Louis Villebrune, Metis, b-1801 and Louise Collin, Metis, b-1807; married Flora Hope, b-1848, Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter James Hope and Judith Desjarlais.

D.C. Wishart (m) b-1868 Red River, a cowboy, living Gleichen, Alberta 1891.

The McClelland gold expedition into Fort Whoop-up was guided by John Jerome Healy and included Joe Kipp, son James Kipp and Earth Woman, George Hounk, and Dave Ackers the last owner of the future Fort Whoop-up.

Richard Charles Hardisty (1831-1889), a Metis, became Chief Factor at Fort Edmonton and remained so until 1883.  He was born at Fort Mistassini, near James Bay, one of six brothers also in the company service.  His brother Henry Hardisty, a Metis, also worked at the Fort.  Joe Dechiel, of the United States, married Lizzie Munroe daughter of Old Man Munroe Hugh Monroe (1784-1892).  Joe Dechiel partnered with James Bibbon to freight and trade Saint Albert to Fort Garry during the 1868 and 1869 season.  Lizzie Munroe reported she had so many relatives staying with us that they ate us out of house and home.  The partnership broke after only one trading season.  (II)-James Gibbons Metis (1839-1928) moves up (down) the Sturgeon River to get away from that group.  The priests working the Saskatchewan River territory are Father's Albert Lacombe (1827-1916), Leduc, Remas, Vegreville, Moulin, Gaste, Andre, and Legoff.

John J. Healy, his brother Thomas Healy from Sun River west of Fort Benton, Montana and Alfred B. Hamilton of Fort Benton, Montana, in partnership, claimed to have made $50,000 in the first four months of whiskey trading into Canada for bison (buffalo) skins.

A party of prospectors lost a pair of pincer tools in a creek and named it Pincher Creek (Alberta).

Between 1868 and 1885 there was about 15 major Metis settlements on Cypress Hills (Alberta/Saskatchewan).  One site was called Kajewski site that consisted of 19 cabins. Three other sites were named Head of the Mountain, Four Miles and Chapel Coulee.  There was no signs of agriculture and it was concluded this was a wintering site only.  The Metis use of Cypress Hills is believed to span from 1860 to 1906 when they were forcibly removed.  The Native People are believed to have used these hills since 10,000 B.C. maybe earlier.   

Pigeon Lake Post was built by H.B.C. at the north-west corner of Pigeon Lake (Alberta). on the Edmonton-Rocky Mountain House Trail and was abandoned 1874.

Fort Benton, Montana, thirty nine (39) steamboats unloaded 8,000 tons of freight and 10,000 passengers for the north west. 

January:  Jean Marie Cardinal, Metis, born, January 1868, Lac La Biche (Alberta), son Dominique Cardinal, Metis, b-1845, Floating Stone Lake (Alberta) and Marie Anne Desjarlais.

February 6:  Victoria (Alberta), birth David Cardinal, Metis, son St Luc Cardinal, Metis, b-1836 Lac La Biche (Alberta) and Marguerite Desjarlais b-1839 Lac La Biche (Alberta); married August 12, 1898, Fort McMurray (Alberta), Sophie McKenzie, Metis b-1876, Fort Chipewyan daughter John (Jack) McKenzie and Lalouise Frosse-tete an Indian. 

March:  Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth, Martin Gladu, son, Jean Baptiste Gladu, d-1881 and Mary Gaucher, born July, 1849, Jasper House (Alberta); married, October, 1889, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), Philomene Hamelin, born December, 1870, Fort Assiniboine. 

June:  Lac Ste Anne, birth Roger Nepissing son Louison Isaac Nepissing, b-1832 Lesser Slave Lake and Madeleine Malaterre (1842-1892); married Sophie Bruneau, Metis, born December, 1872, St. Albert (Alberta) daughter Isidore Bruneau, Metis, b-1845 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) Isabelle Hamelin, Metis born May 29, 1847, St. Albert (Alberta).

June:  Fort Edmonton (Alberta), birth Louison Favel, Metis, son Louison Favel, Metis, b-1842 Red River and Missa-tim-wa-sa-keg.

June 10:  Lac La Biche (Alberta), birth,  Alexander Cardinal son Joseph Cardinal and Euphrasine Lemire, b-1846 on the Plains; married Virginie Martel, born May 15, 1874 Lac La Biche daughter Nazaire Martel aka Marcel and Celina Tremblay.

July 11:  St. Albert (Alberta), birth Norbert Courtepatte, Metis son Noel Courtepatte, born December 24, 1821 Jasper House (Alberta) and Nancy Campion, Metis, b-1832, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta)

August 20:  St. Albert (Alberta) birth Vital Bruneau, Metis, son Isidore Bruneau, Metis, b-1845 and Isabelle Hamelin, Metis, b-1847.

September:  Peace River (Alberta), birth Marianne Flamand (McKay) Metis, daughter Isidore Flamand (McKay), b-1842 Red River and Charlotte Bourassa, Metis, b-1850 Dunvegan, Athabasca (Alberta).

September 1:  St. Albert (Alberta) birth Josue Bellerose son Benjamin Bellerose, b-1842, Sl;ave Lake, died November 5, 1870 and Juliet Nault, b-1848, Fort Edmonton.

September 14:  St. Albert (Alberta), birth Vitaline Berland, Metis son Edouard Berland, Metis, b-1819 and Cecile Callihoo, Metis, b-1834 Peace River (Alberta); married 1883 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Cyrille Boucher b-1857, Lac Ste Anne daughter Thomas Boucher, 1836, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta and Larose Gladu. 

October:  White Fish Lake, Athabasca (Alberta), birth, Alexandre Cardinal,  son, Gabriel Cardinal dit Labatoche, b-1835 and Marie Bruneau, b-1837; married Marie Rose Cardinal, born October 1869 on trail from White Fish Lake Athabasca (Alberta) and Lac La Biche (Alberta).

1869  

Joseph Belcourt, Metis b-1869 Alberta married about 1889 Alberta Elizabeth Metis b-1875 Alberta living St. Pierre, Alberta 1901.

Narcisse Bellerose, Metis b-1869 Alberta, living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

Francois Boucher Jr., Metis, b-1869 McKenzie River son Francois Boucher Sr., b-1824 and Elizabeth Native.

E. Brook (Brooke), Metis b-1869 N.W.T. living Calgary, Southern Alberta 1891.

Bella Brown, Metis, b-1869 Fort Providence (Alberta, daughter Magnus Brown, b-1840, Orkney, Scotland, and Isabella Dog Rib a Native; married 1889 Fort Resolution, Great Slave Lake, James McKinley, b-1857 Scotland.

Joseph (dit Nubesis or Okisto) Cardinal, son, Antoine Okeestole Cardinal, and Cecile Boucher; 1st married 1869 Lac La Biche (Alberta), Rosalie Courteoreille; 2nd married 1874, Mathilde Tremblay, born January 18, 1840 Peace River.

William Chalifoux dit Labouteille, b-1867, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Pierre Chalifoux and Marie Cartier; Married 1888, Lesser Slace Lake (Alberta), Marie Gladu, born August, 1869, Lac La Nun (Alberta), daughter Toussaint Gladu (1843-1998) and Angelique A-ton-ka-pow a Cree.

Mary Jane Collins b-1869 B.C. living Fish Creek, Southern Alberta 1891.

H. Cunningham, Metis b-1869 Alberta son Rosalie Cunningham, Metis b-1829 Alberta; married to Mary Metis b-1874 Alberta living St. Albert, Alberta 1901. 

Louis Daigneault, born November 1, 1869, Fort Pitt, Saskatchewan, son, Isaac Daigneault, b-1807, Fort Edmonton and Julie Lawrance, b-1820 on the Plains; married 1884, St. Albert (Alberta) Marie Rose Belanger. 

Peter Desjardins aka L'Iroquois son Ignace Karaconti L'Iroquois b-1780/90, Anna Sekana, Sekanaise, Montagnais; married 1869, Fort Edmonton, (Alberta), Josephte Berland, Metis, b-1838, daughter Francois Berland, b-1807 and Therese Callihoo L'Iroquois (1820-1878). 

Joseph Descheneaux (1846-1915) married 1869 St. Albert, Alberta, Angelique Tanner, Metis, b-1850.

William Diche, Metis b-1869 Alberta, married about 1890 likely Athabasca, Maria Metis b-1870 Alberta, living Athabasca Landing 1901.

Louison Fosseneauve b-1848 Red River married 1869 Lac La Biche Catherine Decome.

Charlotte Garneau, Metis, born 1869/70 Strathcona, died 1902, Strathcona  (Alberta) claimed a birth date of January 19, 1882, Strathcona daughter Lawrence Garneau, Metis (1840-1921) and Eleanor Thomas, Metis (1850/52-1912).

Martin Gaucher, b-1869, Jasper House (Alberta) son Michel Gaucher, b-1829 and Marie Karaconti, b-1846.

Chas Gladue b-1869 N.W.T. married about 1897 N.W.T. Sophie F. Metis, N.W.T. , living Fort MacLeod, Alberta 1901.

Lac La Nun, birth Marie Gladu, Metis, b-1869 daughter Toussaint Gladu b-1843, d-1898 Calling Lake, and Angelique Atonkapow Cree daughter Iitowkapow Cree and Marie Rose Noglas; married William Chalifous dit Labouteille b-1869 Lesser Slave Lake son Pierre Chalifoux and Marie Cartier b-1872 Calling Lake, Athabasca.

(II)-Francis Gonan, Metis b-1868 Alberta son (I)-William Gonan b-1823 Orkney Island and Sara Metis b-1833 Red River, living Lakeland, Alberta 1891.

Charles A. Grant, Metis b-1869 Red River son John Grant, Metis b-1831 and Clothelde Bruneau, Metis b-1850 Red River, living Pretty Hill, Alberta 1901.

Francois Hope, b-1855, Lac La Biche, son James Hope and Judith Desjarlais; married 1869, Lac La Biche, Baptiste Cardinal, Metis b-1846, Lac La Biche, daughter, Laurent Cardinal, Metis (1819-1853) and Marie Moignon, b-1822, Egg Lake (Alberta).

Elizabeth House, Metis b-1869, Alberta daughter Joseph House b-1833 and Elizabeth Anderson b-1808, living Lakeland, Alberta 1891.

Benjamin Ladauerier, Metis b-1869 Athabasca, living Lakeland eastern Alberta 1891

Jean Baptiste Labracon b-1869 Red River married about 1894 N.W.T. Mary Metis b-1865 N.W.T. living Pretty Hill, Alberta 1901..

Angelle Letendre, Metis b-1869 Alberta living Lac Ste Anne, Alberta 1901.

(I)-Kenneth MacDonald (HBC 1850-1874) worked out of Fort Edmonton (1869-1870)

Alfred McKay, Metis b-1869 N.W.T. living Medicine Hat, Southern Alberta 1891.

Addison McPherson is believed to be the first person to build a shack for storage at Old Red River Crossing (3 miles upstream from Red Deer, Alberta)

Francis Munro, Metis b-1869 N.W.T. brother Benjamin and Mary, living Fort Edmonton 1891.

Roger Nepicing, Metis b-1869 Alberta married about 1892 likely Athabasca Landing Sophie Metis b-1872 Alberta.

James Norquay b-1869 Red River, driver, living Medicine Hat, Alberta 1891.

Francois Ouellette, b-1869, Peace River (Alberta) son Joseph Ouellette, born January 6, 1832 Red River and Catherine Adshare;  married, Justine Beauregard, b-1872, St. Albert (Alberta) daughter Charles Beauregard, born November, 1842, St. Albert (Alberta) and Marie Bellerose, b-1843, Slave Lake, (Alberta)

Norbert Paquette, Metis b-1869 Alberta married about 1888 Alberta Margret Metis b-1862 Alberta, living Glengary, Alberta 1901.

Joseph Savard, Metis b-1869 N.W.T. married about 1891 N.W.T. Mary Metis b-1870 N.W.T. living Spruce Grove, Alberta 1901. 

William Taylor, Metis b-1869 N.W.T., living Fort Edmonton 1891.

Jean Baptiste Tastawich Jr., b-1849, Dunvegan, Athabasca son Jean Baptiste Tastawitch Sr., Marie Apititisth; married 1869, Dunvegan, Athabasca, Marie Grand Batard, b-1853, Sturgeon Lake, daughter Francois Grand Batard and Maria Caribou, a Beaver Woman.

Francois Villebrune Sr., b-1869 Fond Du Lac, Athabasca son Francois (Leon) Villebrune, b-1846 and Marie St. Cyr, born November 1, 1846, Fort Chipewyan.

George White, Metis b-1869 Alberta married about 1871 likely Fort Edmonton, Maggie Metis b-1873 Alberta, living Edmonton 1901.

Leonora Wilson, Metis b-1869 Alberta living New Norway, (Alberta) 1901.

Joseph Wishart b-1869 Red River, a farmer, living Gleichen, (Alberta) 1891.

Mary Wishart b-1869 Red River, living Gleichen, Alberta 1891.

Fort Spitzee is built on the Highwood River just west of the present town of High River, Alberta.  Dave Akers and 'Liver-eating' Johnson built the fort.  The fort was abandoned because of Indian trouble and burned to the ground.

Fort Hamilton was built at the confluence of the St. Mary and Oldman Rivers by John J. Healy and Alfred B. Hamilton.  The fort was poorly built and burned down in the spring of 1870.

A three hundred and eighty six pound Manito Stone (meteorite) is removed from Iron Creek, Alberta near Hardisty, Alberta and taken to the Methodist Mission of (II)-Reverend George McDougall (1821-1875) at his Victoria Metis  Settlement 90 km North West of Fort Edmonton.  Reverend George McDougall is aware the Indians consider the stone a sacred object but he considers it an Indian idol.  The Natives claimed its removal signified the disappearance of the bison (buffalo).  One year after the removal of the sacred stone three of McDougall's children succumbed to smallpox; daughters Flora, Georgiana and an adopted daughter Anna.  The Indians said it was because he removed their sacred stone.  The stone composition was 91.2% iron, .83% nickel and .49% cobalt.

Father Lacombe (1827-1916), at the request of Bishop Grandin, went to Fort Benton, to explore the possibility of cutting freight costs by bringing supplies via the Missouri River.  At this time the largest building at Fort Benton was the I.G. Baker's store.  John J. Healy presented Lacombe with a purseful of United States dollars.   John was in the process of creating Fort Whoop-up on the St. Mary River in Alberta.  Captain Rae of the sternwheeler Silver Bow offered free passage to St. Louis, Missouri for Lacombe.  Some are not aware that the Whoop-up trail not only went from Fort Benton to Fort Whoop-up but on to the Fort Macleod area, Fort Calgary area and up to Fort Edmonton.  I.G. Baker & T.C. Power were at the center of the Fort Benton whiskey trade.  Charles Conrad the controller of the I.G. Baker Company would eventually move to Calgary as would T.C. Power.  F.W. Davis a veteran whiskey trader would establish himself at Fort Macleod area.  As a result the Benton-Whoop-up Trail was opened between Fort Benton, in Montana Territory and the new Fort Whoop-up in (Alberta).  The trail generally originates at fort Benton, Highway 91 to Shelby then Sweetgrass, to Coutts, then Hightway No. 4 to Lethbridge, across the Blood Reserve to Fort Macleod and ending at Calgary.  

Father Lacombe (1827-1916), on his trip east noted:  "Imagine our boat, steaming into the midst of the bison crazed by the shrieks and whistling of the steam-engine and the reports of rifles and revolvers.  Imagine the tumult caused by such encounters!  The water was sometimes red with blood, which flowed in streams from the bodies of the poor victims massacred only for the pleasure of killing them."

Fort Whoop-up 1870's
Trader's John J. Healy, his brother Thomas Healy and Alfred B. Hamilton from Fort Benton, Montana built Fort Whoop-up (Fort Hamilton) in 1869 near the junction of the Oldman and St. Mary Rivers, about a mile from Lethbridge, Alberta.  A cannon was used to signal the arrival of a fresh supply of whisky and the beginning of trade.  Angry Indians sensed they were being cheated so they burned Fort Whoop Up.  The second Fort Whoop Up, built by William Gladestone for two Fort Benton traders, is said to cost twenty five thousand dollars.  

David Akers, the Dutchman, and liver-eating Johnson both of the United States built Post Spitzee (1869-1874) on the Spitzee River, near Nanton, that was later named the Highwood River as that is is the meaning of Spitzee.   A Post near the mouth of the Elbow River is established this year.  They traded at Trail Creek on the Red Deer River near Buffalo Lake (Lacombe, Alberta), the Metis town of four hundred cabins, and on occasion even traded at Fort Edmonton.  Post Slide-out another United States enterprise is at Belly River. and began operations this year.  At this time nearly nine hundred Metis live at Big Lake, St. Albert, Alberta.  Lac La Biche and Lac Ste Anne (Devils Lake) in Alberta are well established French Metis settlements.  Two English Metis settlements are at Victoria located 90 km NE Fort Edmonton, and Fish Lake with a Wesley Mission under the direction of (III)-Rev. John Chantler McDougall (1842-1917) .

January 17:  Bella Savard, b-1869, St. Albert (Alberta), daughter Antoine Savard, b-1825 and Marguerite Bisson, b-1831.

April 5:  Lac La Biche (Alberta), birth, Augustin Cardinal, son Louison Cardinal, b-1840, White Fish Lake, Athabasca and Marguerite Larocque, b-1847, Norway House; married Genevieve born September 10, 1872, Lac La Biche (Alberta).

May:  birth, Andre Cardinal, Metis, b-1860 likely Big Lake aka St. Albert and died before 1885 son Andre Cardinal Sr. Metis, b-1835 Jasper House and Rosalie Berland, Metis b-1835 Jasper House.

July 24: St. Albert (Alberta), birth, Eleonore Chalifoux, Metis, son, Joseph Chalifoux, Metis, b-1838, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), and Julie Campion, b-1841 Lake McLeod

Peter Wylie, born, August 2, 1869 Fort Chipewyan, son William Wylie and Anne Fleet, b-1851; married June 28, 1899, Fort Vermillion, Mary Anne Lambert, born February 14, 1881, Fort Vermillion.

October:  Marie Rose Cardinal, born October, 1869, between White Fish Lake and Lac La Biche (Alberta), son, Gabriel Cardinal dit Labatoche, b-1835 and Marie Bruneau, b-1837.

October 20: Athabaska District (Alberta) birth Josephine Lavallee daughter Louis Martin dit Petit Louis Martin Lavallee b-1840 and Catherine L'Esperance b-1846; married January 29, 1889 Lac La Biche Mission (Alberta) Francois Boucher b-1867 Lac La Biche Missionn, son Narcisse Boucher and Judith McCarthy dit Mercredi

November 21:  Lac La Biche (Alberta), birth Narcisse Cardinal, Metis, daughter St Luc Cardinal, Metis, b-1836 and Marguerite Desjarlais b-1839.

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ALBERTA HISTORY 1870-1872